# About Fabworks ## Our Story Fabworks is an online sheet metal fabrication company based in Ventura, California. The company is a third-generation small business founded in 1980. Over 40+ years, the business has transformed several times, evolving from a small, manual fabrication and welding shop to a modern laser cutting facility. Rather than competing on price with overseas manufacturers, the company chose to differentiate through rapid turnaround times and exceptional service, building a highly automated facility capable of producing custom parts with minimal lead times. ### Our Facility and Team Fabworks is located in Ventura, CA, in a 14,000 square foot facility that houses our state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment. As a small but mighty team, we invest heavily in three key areas: our people, our equipment, and our software. We provide ongoing training and development to ensure we bring our customers the best service possible, while our skilled team of fabrication experts is passionate about revitalizing the art of sheet metal fabrication for the next generation. ### Our Software Advantage What sets us apart is our heavy investment in custom software solutions. Both our quoting software and shop management software are fully custom-built in-house, designed specifically to optimize our operations. This software-powered approach is the key to providing our customers with affordable small lot prototyping runs and rapid turnaround times that would be impossible with traditional methods. ### Revitalizing American Manufacturing Sheet metal fabrication is a dying trade, but we're determined to change that narrative. By combining high-tech equipment with custom software and streamlined processes, we're making manufacturing exciting again and inspiring the next generation to build things with their hands. Our goal is to build a factory of the future that showcases the potential of American manufacturing, proving that Made in USA doesn't just mean quality, it means innovation. ### Advanced Technology and Automation We continue to invest in advanced automation, precision equipment, and innovative software processes that push the boundaries of what's possible in sheet metal fabrication. From our high-powered laser cutting systems to our press brakes, every aspect of our facility is designed to maximize efficiency, quality, and speed while keeping manufacturing jobs here in America. Our custom software stack seamlessly integrates with our equipment, creating an unmatched level of operational efficiency. ### Our Vision for the Future We believe that the combination of software, equipment, and people creates the perfect environment for producing world-class sheet metal components while inspiring a new generation of makers. This commitment to continuous improvement and investment in our team, our equipment, and our proprietary software solutions is what allows us to deliver the fastest turnaround times in the industry while maintaining the highest quality standards and supporting American manufacturing. ## Cards ### State-of-the-Art Equipment With state-of-the-art equipment, we are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in sheet metal fabrication speed. We continually invest in our people, building a team of skilled employees who are experts in sheet metal. Fabworks takes pride in maintaining the highest standard of quality, service, and competitive pricing. ### Family-Owned Business Fabworks is a third-generation small business founded and located in Ventura, CA. We are dedicated to delivering high-quality parts in the shortest amount of time physically possible. ### Customer Satisfaction Many of our customers have been working with us for over 20 years which testifies to the emphasis we place on customer service and satisfaction. ### Core Values At Fabworks, our core values fuel our pursuit of excellence. As a family-owned business, we foster a supportive environment that promotes collaboration and growth. Our commitment to punctuality, responsibility, and high value ensures customer satisfaction and long-lasting partnerships in sheet metal fabrication. ## Values ### Be world-class. Fabworks ensures top-quality fabrication through advanced technology, skilled experts, and dedication to customer satisfaction. ### Take responsibility. We uphold accountability for our products, services, and the satisfaction of our customers. ### Be on-time. Punctuality is a priority at Fabworks, guaranteeing on-time results for our clients. ### Always learning. Our team thrives in a culture of growth, staying updated to deliver exceptional results. ### Deliver high value. We provide outstanding quality and service at competitive prices, maximizing customer value. ### Appreciate Family. As a family-owned business, we foster a close-knit, supportive environment that inspires collaboration and excellence. # Blog Learn tips, tricks, and best practices for fully utilizing our sheet metal manufacturing services. # FAQs Here you'll find answers to commonly asked questions about our services, facilities, and policies. If you can't find the information you're looking for, please don't hesitate to contact us directly. # Instant Quoted Laser Cutting Services Fabworks provides online laser cutting and sheet metal fabrication from Ventura, California. Upload a STEP file to see the price and delivery date, configure supported operations, and order online. ## Sections ### Get a Quote Instantly Upload a production STEP file to see pricing and an estimated delivery date, configure supported operations, and order online. #### Features - **Upload a STEP file**: Upload a .STEP or .STP file up to 25MB to begin your laser cutting quote. - **Configure your parts**: Review your geometry and add supported operations in the 3D viewer. - **Checkout and pay**: Review the price and delivery estimate, then place your order online. ### Get Your Parts In Days Don't wait weeks for your parts. We are dedicated to getting your parts to you as fast as possible. Most orders ship early! #### Features - **Affordable Shipping**: Our affordable shipping provides quick, dependable, and reliable shipping to all 50 States and Canada. - **Rush Production Available**: Take advantage of our rush production service. Your parts are produced and shipped as fast as possible, skipping the line and shipped via the fastest method available. - **Accurate Delivery Estimates**: Enjoy peace of mind with our reliable delivery estimates, keeping you in the loop through our comprehensive shipping tracking dashboard. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for laser cut parts? Laser cut parts are typically shipped within 1-2 business days. Adding services such as bending, powder coating, or hole operations increases lead time. Your quote shows the estimated ship date for the configuration you select. ### What is the tolerance of laser cut parts? Most standard size parts are cut with an overall tolerance of +/- 0.005 inches. Most simple features such as holes and slots are often as tight as +/- 0.002 inches. Larger features or features over 30 inches apart will see an increased tolerance of +/- 0.010 inches, due to heat distortion of the fiber laser cutting process. ### Fabworks vs SendCutSend: which sheet metal service should I choose? Fabworks is a strong SendCutSend alternative for teams that want a more streamlined quoting and ordering experience. Our platform is built to make it easier to configure parts, manage quotes, and collaborate across a team. We offer a narrower service catalog, but with fewer restrictions on many sheet metal projects, including support for larger parts and more flexible bending requirements. If you are running into DFM limits, size restrictions, or bending constraints with SendCutSend, Fabworks is worth trying for your next sheet metal order. ### What is the standard lead-time for bent sheet metal parts? Our sheet metal bending service typically adds 1 business day to the total of your project lead time. Adding additional services to your parts such as powder coating, or hole operations will increase your lead time further. ### Can I remove deburring and have my parts ship faster? Yes, we do have the option to remove deburring from your parts. This will speed up the lead time of your parts, and reduce cost slightly. However, not deburring parts can leave sharp edges that may be undesirable for your application. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship to all 50 US states and Canada. For countries outside the US and Canada, you can ship your parts to a freight forwarder within the US. ### What design files do I need for Laser Cutting? For an instant online quote, export your model as a .STEP or .STP file up to 25MB. If you cannot export a supported file, contact us for help converting your design. # Laser Cutting Online metal laser cutting services with instant quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and no order minimums. Upload a STEP file and get your parts fast. ## Short Description Fast affordable laser cutting. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 1-2 Days ## Sections ### High Precision Laser Cutting Fabworks is a leading provider of sheet metal laser cutting services. We offer instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. #### Features - **State-of-the-Art Equipment**: Fabworks utilizes high powered CNC Fiber lasers for consistent accuracy and repeatability. - **Expert Team**: Our skilled technicians bring precision to every project, everytime. - **Extensive Capabilities**: As low as +/- .002" cutting tolerance, standard +/- .005" ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your laser cut projects with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your laser cutting needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for laser cut parts? Laser cut parts are typically shipped within 1-2 business days. Adding additional services to your parts such as bending, powder coating, or hole operations will increase your lead time. ### What is the tolerance of laser cut parts? Most standard size parts are cut with an overall tolerance of +/- 0.005 inches. Most simple features such as holes and slots are often as tight as +/- 0.002 inches. Larger features or features over 30 inches apart will see an increased tolerance of +/- 0.010 inches, due to heat distortion of the fiber laser cutting process. ### What is the edge quality like on laser cut parts? Thinner parts (less than .125 inches) will have a very smooth and consistent edge quality. Thicker parts will have a slightly rougher edge quality due to the increased power required to laser cut the materials. The edge quality of laser cut parts is often better than parts cut with a plasma cutter or waterjet. ### Will my laser cut parts come with burrs or tabs? On all parts you can opt in or out of deburring. We use a combination of machines and hand tools to remove burrs and tabs from your parts. Our team is dedicated to shipping you the highest quality parts possible. ### Can I remove deburring and have my parts ship faster? Yes, we do have the option to remove deburring from your parts. This will speed up the lead time of your parts, and reduce cost slightly. However, not deburring parts can leave sharp edges that may be undesirable for your application. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Laser Cutting? To get an instant quote for your parts you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. ### What is metal laser cutting? Metal laser cutting is a CNC manufacturing process that uses a focused high-powered laser beam to cut flat sheet metal into precise 2D shapes. At Fabworks, we use fiber lasers, which are fast, accurate, and capable of cutting steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and other metals with tolerances as tight as +/- 0.002 inches. ### How does fiber laser cutting work? A fiber laser generates a beam of light using a fiber-optic cable doped with rare-earth elements. The beam is focused to a tiny spot on the metal surface, where it instantly vaporizes or melts the material. An assist gas (nitrogen or oxygen) blows the molten material out of the cut, leaving a clean edge. CNC motion controls guide the beam to follow your 2D profile precisely. ### What metals can you laser cut? Fabworks laser cuts mild steel (1008 and A36), galvanized steel (G90), aluminum (5052 and 6061), and stainless steel (304). We stock a range of gauges for each material — check the materials section for available thicknesses. ### What is the thickest material you can laser cut? Our fiber laser can cut mild steel up to 0.500 inches thick, aluminum up to 0.250 inches, and stainless steel up to 0.375 inches. For thicker material, tolerances will be slightly wider due to heat effects. If you have a borderline thickness, contact us and we'll let you know if it's feasible. ### What is the maximum sheet size for laser cutting? We can cut sheets up to 60 x 120 inches. Parts larger than this need to be split and joined. Our online quoting system will flag oversized parts automatically. ### What is the kerf width on laser cut parts? The laser kerf (width of material removed during cutting) is typically 0.004 to 0.012 inches depending on material type and thickness. Our CAD/CAM system compensates for kerf automatically, so your parts will match your file dimensions within tolerance. ### How does laser cutting compare to waterjet cutting? Laser cutting is faster, less expensive, and more precise than waterjet for standard sheet metal. Waterjet is better suited for very thick material (over 0.75 inches), heat-sensitive materials, or composites. For steel, aluminum, and stainless sheet work, laser cutting is almost always the right choice. ### How does laser cutting compare to plasma cutting? Fiber laser cutting produces much tighter tolerances and cleaner edges than plasma cutting. Plasma is typically used for thicker structural steel where precision isn't critical. For parts requiring tight tolerances, good edge quality, or small holes, laser is the right process. # Bending Experts in sheet metal bending. Get instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. ## Short Description Fast affordable sheet metal bending. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 2-3 Days ## Sections ### Precision Sheet Metal Bending Fabworks is a leading provider of sheet metal bending services. We offer instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. #### Features - **State-of-the-Art Equipment**: Fabworks utilizes the latest in CNC bending technology for consistent accuracy and repeatability. - **Expert Team**: Our skilled technicians bring precision to every project, everytime. - **Extensive Capabilities**: 1-135 degree bends, +/- 1 degree angle tolerance, +/- .015" length tolerance ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your bending projects with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your bending needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for bent sheet metal parts? Bent sheet metal parts are typically shipped within 2-3 business days. Adding additional services to your parts such as powder coating or hole operations will increase your lead time. ### What is the tolerance of bent sheet metal parts? Most bends are made with an angle tolerance of +/- 1 degree and a length tolerance of +/- 0.015 inches. Large bends over 24 inches can cause some warping to the part. Compound bends will have a larger tolerance of +/- 0.020 inches. ### Will my bent sheet metal parts show die marks? Yes, there will be small score lines along the outer surface of your bent parts. These are caused by the die used to bend your parts. We do not offer any services to remove or prevent these marks. For a cosmetic finish we recommend adding powder coating. ### Is deburring included in the price? Yes! Deburring is automatically included in our standard service at no additional cost. We use a combination of machines and hand tools to remove burrs from your parts, ensuring they are smooth, clean, and ready for use. Our team is dedicated to shipping you the highest quality parts possible. ### Can I opt out of deburring for faster delivery? Yes, if you need your parts faster, you can opt for a non-deburred finish to reduce lead time. However, we recommend deburring for most projects to ensure the best results and safe handling. ### Can I request custom bend angles for my sheet metal parts? Absolutely! We offer custom bending to meet your specific design requirements. Our precision equipment can handle bend angles between 1-135 degrees. Please upload a STEP file and our software will automatically find your desired angles. ### How do you ensure the quality of the bent parts? Quality is paramount at Fabworks. Each bent part undergoes a rigorous inspection process to ensure it meets our high standards. We use advanced measurement tools to check for accuracy in angles and dimensions, ensuring every part aligns with your STEP file. ### Is there a limit to the thickness of sheet metal you can bend? Our bending capabilities cover a range of sheet metal thicknesses. Generally, we can bend metal sheets up to a certain thickness, which varies depending on the material type. For specific thickness limits, please refer to our bending resources or contact our team for guidance. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Sheet Metal Bending? To get an instant quote for your bent parts you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. # Tube Laser Cutting Precision tube laser cutting for round, square, and rectangular tube with instant online quoting, fast lead times, and production-ready quality. ## Short Description Fast tube laser cutting for production-ready parts. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 2-3 Days ## Sections ### Built for Accurate Tube Work Fabworks cuts round, square, and rectangular tube profiles on CNC tube laser equipment built for repeatable, production-grade accuracy. #### Features - **Production-Ready Accuracy**: Consistent cut quality and feature placement across prototypes, repeat orders, and full production runs. - **Complex Geometry Support**: Slots, holes, tabs, end cuts, and coping features can all be processed directly from your model. - **Broad Tube Coverage**: Ideal for welded frames, brackets, furniture, rails, and other formed tube assemblies. ### Quote Tube Parts from a STEP File Upload your model, get pricing fast, and see realistic lead times before checkout. The goal is to make tube work feel as straightforward as standard laser cutting. #### Features - **Instant Online Pricing**: Upload a STEP file and get pricing without waiting on a manual quoting cycle for common tube work. - **Transparent Scheduling**: Ship dates account for the services you select, so lead time planning stays grounded in the actual workflow. - **Simple Ordering Flow**: Move from upload to order quickly with a quoting experience that matches the rest of the Fabworks platform. ### From Prototypes to Production Runs Whether you are validating a first article or buying repeat tube components, Fabworks is set up to support low-volume development work and steady repeat orders on the same workflow. #### Features - **No Order Minimums**: Order one prototype or a repeat production batch without changing where you quote or who you work with. - **Great for Welded Assemblies**: Tube laser processing is a strong fit for frames, supports, rails, and other parts that need accurate fit-up downstream. - **One Supplier Workflow**: Keep quoting, ordering, and repeat purchasing in one place instead of splitting tube work into a separate vendor process. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for tube laser cut parts? Tube laser cut parts are typically shipped within 2-3 business days. Additional services or larger production runs can extend that timeline, and the date shown during checkout is the most accurate estimate. ### What is the tolerance of tube laser cut parts? Most standard parts are held to an overall tolerance of +/- 0.005 inches. Simple features such as holes and slots are often tighter, while larger parts and features spaced far apart may open up due to material and heat distortion. ### What is the edge quality like on tube laser cut parts? Thinner wall tube will usually have a smoother edge than heavier wall sections. Some internal spatter or light burrs can still be present depending on geometry, wall thickness, and where the cut exits the profile. ### Will my tube laser cut parts come with burrs or tabs? Tube laser cut parts can have small burrs, tabs, or internal spatter depending on the part geometry. If edge condition is critical for your application, send us the details with your quote so we can review it with you. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Tube Laser Cutting? For the fastest quote, export your part as a STEP file. If you run into export issues, send over the native CAD file you have and we can help review whether it is workable. # Countersinking Experts in sheet metal countersinking. Get instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. ## Short Description Fast affordable countersinking. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 2-3 Days ## Sections ### Precision Countersinking Fabworks is a leading provider of sheet metal countersinking services. We offer instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. #### Features - **Wide Range of Countersinking Options**: Catering to diverse project needs, we offer a broad selection of countersink sizes and types, ensuring the perfect match for every design and hardware requirement. - **Versatile Applications**: Whether it's for screws, bolts, or rivets, our countersinking is adaptable to a variety of hardware types and sizes, meeting diverse project requirements. ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your project with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your countersinking needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for the Countersinking Service? Parts with countersinking are typically shipped within 2-3 business days. The shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. ### Is deburring included in the price? Yes! Deburring is automatically included in our standard service at no additional cost. We use a combination of machines and hand tools to remove burrs from your parts, ensuring they are smooth, clean, and ready for use. Our team is dedicated to shipping you the highest quality parts possible. ### Can I opt out of deburring for faster delivery? Yes, if you need your parts faster, you can opt for a non-deburred finish to reduce lead time. However, we recommend deburring for most projects to ensure the best results and safe handling. ### What types of countersinks can you provide? We offer a range of countersinking options, including different angles and diameters, to suit various hardware and design requirements. Check out our resources for more information. ### Are there limitations on the material thickness for countersinking? We can perform countersinking on most thicknesses of metals. However, the material's properties may influence the final outcome, and we advise consulting with us for the best approach for your specific material. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Countersinking? To get an instant quote for your countersunk parts you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. # Tapping Experts in sheet metal tapping. Get instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. ## Short Description Fast affordable sheet metal tapping. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 2-3 Days ## Sections ### High Precision Tapping Fabworks is a leading provider of sheet metal tapping services. We offer instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. #### Features - **Accurate Fabrication Meets Thread Cutting**: We combine precise sheet metal cutting and tapping to create a perfect thread every time. - **Extensive Tapping Options**: Tailored to your project's specifications, our wide range of threads and pitches greatly enhance functionality. - **Streamlined Production Efficiency**: Our Rapid Tapping Service ensures not only high-quality results but also faster turnaround times, keeping your projects on schedule. ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your project with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your tapping needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for the Tapping Service? Parts with tapping are typically shipped within 2-3 business days. The shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. ### Is deburring included in the price? Yes! Deburring is automatically included in our standard service at no additional cost. We use a combination of machines and hand tools to remove burrs from your parts, ensuring they are smooth, clean, and ready for use. Our team is dedicated to shipping you the highest quality parts possible. ### Can I opt out of deburring for faster delivery? Yes, if you need your parts faster, you can opt for a non-deburred finish to reduce lead time. However, we recommend deburring for most projects to ensure the best results and safe handling. ### How do you ensure the quality of the tapped threads? Our tapping process uses precision equipment and experienced technicians to ensure that each thread is accurately formed, providing optimal fit and strength. ### Can tapping be done on different metal types and thicknesses? Yes, we are equipped to tap a variety of metal types and thicknesses. Our configurator ensures compatibility giving you the best tapping approach for your specific material and project. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Tapping? To get an instant quote for your tapped parts you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. # Hardware Experts in sheet metal hardware insertion. Get instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. ## Short Description Fast affordable hardware insertion. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 2-3 Days ## Sections ### High Precision Hardware Insertion Fabworks is a leading provider of sheet metal hardware insertion services. We offer instant online quotes, next-day delivery available on eligible small orders, and top-quality parts. #### Features - **Accurate Fabrication Meets Secure Fastening**: We combine precise sheet metal cutting and bending with reliable hardware insertion for a perfect fit every time. - **Extensive Hardware Solutions**: Tailored to your project's specifications, our wide range of PEM nut insertion option, greatly enhancing functionality. - **Streamlined Production Efficiency**: Our Rapid Hardware Service ensures not only high-quality results but also faster turnaround times, keeping your projects on schedule. ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your project with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your hardware needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for the Hardware Service? Parts with hardware insertion are typically shipped within 2-3 business days. The shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. ### Is deburring included in the price? Yes! Deburring is automatically included in our standard service at no additional cost. We use a combination of machines and hand tools to remove burrs from your parts, ensuring they are smooth, clean, and ready for use. Our team is dedicated to shipping you the highest quality parts possible. ### Can I opt out of deburring for faster delivery? Yes, if you need your parts faster, you can opt for a non-deburred finish to reduce lead time. However, we recommend deburring for most projects to ensure the best results and safe handling. ### Can PEM hardware be used on all types of metal PEM hardware is versatile and can be used on most types of metal, including aluminum, stainless steel, and steel. Our configurator ensures your parts are compatible with the right PEM hardware. ### Is there a minimum order size for projects involving PEM hardware insertion? No, there is no minimum order size. We accommodate projects of all scales, from single prototypes to large production runs, with the same level of precision and quality. ### What types of PEM hardware can you insert into sheet metal? Our current offerings include a wide range of PEM nut hardware. Check out our resources page for more information about the specific nuts we stock. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Hardware Insertion? To get an instant quote for your parts with hardware you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. # Powder Coating Experts in powder coating. Get instant online quotes, fast delivery options when the selected finish and order size are eligible, and top-quality finishes. ## Short Description Fast affordable powder coating. ## Lead Time Lead Time: 5-7 Days ## Sections ### Premium Powder Coating Fabworks is a leading provider of powder coating services. We offer instant online quotes, fast delivery options when the selected finish and order size are eligible, and top-quality finishes. #### Features - **Superior Durability**: Our powder coating adds a tough, protective layer to your parts, significantly increasing their resistance to scratches, chipping, and corrosion. - **Custom Color Selection**: Choose from a wide range of colors to achieve the perfect look for your project, with vibrant and consistent finishes every time. - **Industry-Leading Lead Times**: We pride ourselves on our efficient process, ensuring quick turnaround times for your powder coating needs without sacrificing quality, keeping your projects on schedule. ### Instant Pricing and Lead Times Our commitment to transparency means you get fast, accurate quotes and realistic timelines for your projects. We understand the importance of planning and budgeting, and we ensure you have all the information you need, instantly. #### Features - **Immediate Quotes**: Get instant pricing for your project with our user-friendly online platform. Just upload a STEP file. - **Transparent Lead Times**: We provide clear and honest timelines, so you can plan your projects with confidence. - **Efficient Processes**: Easy one click upload for quick and accurate estimations, ensuring your project stays on track. ### No Order Minimums At Fabworks, we believe in serving all your powder coating needs, big or small. With no minimum order requirements, we're here to support a single prototype or a large production run. We're committed to providing the same high level of quality on all order sizes. #### Features - **Flexibility for All Projects**: From one-off prototypes to large batches, we accommodate orders of any size. - **Ideal for Prototyping**: Test your designs without the commitment to large quantities. - **Cost-Effective Solutions**: Get exactly what you need, when you need it, without worrying about meeting minimum order quantities. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the standard lead-time for the Powder Coating Service? Powder coated parts are typically shipped within 5-7 business days. The shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. ### How durable is the powder coating finish? Our powder coating provides a highly durable finish that is resistant to chipping, scratching, and corrosion, ensuring longevity and maintaining appearance over time. ### Can powder coating be applied to all types of metal? Yes, all of the metals we currently offer are compatible with our Powder Coating Service. ### Do you ship outside of the US? We ship all regions of Canada and the US. ### What design files do I need for Powder Coating? To get an instant quote for your powder coated parts you need to export your file as a STEP. If you have issues exporting your files you can send us a message with any native file format (.step, .sldprt, .iges, etc) and we will help you repair and convert them. # Overview Fabworks is a rapid laser cutting shop located in Ventura, CA, USA. We use software to automate the quoting, production and scheduling of our orders, allowing us to offer competitive pricing and rapid turnaround times. All orders are produced by us in our facility. ## Lead times Lead times are based on the complexity and quantity of parts. - **Small orders can be delivered in as little as next day,** if ordered before 9am PST on a weekday. - Larger orders typically take 1-3 weeks to produce. Please reach out to if you need faster lead times than quoted. ## Capabilities Our main capabilities include: - [2D Laser Cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/sheet) - [Sheet Metal Bending](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) - [Tube Laser Cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/tube) We offer a limited selection of materials. Keeping it simple is a key to being able to offer competitive pricing and rapid turnaround times. - Aluminum [Sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum) and [Tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/aluminum) - Steel [Sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/steel) and [Tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/steel) - Stainless Steel [Sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/stainless-steel) We have a variety of downstream processes to add on to your parts: - [Tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/tapping) - [Countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking) - [Hardware Installation](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware) - [Powder Coating](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/powder-coating) - Welding (Coming Soon, Available per request) - Anodizing (Coming Soon, Available per request) Many of these processes are done with automation, but not all of them. ## Getting a Quote To get pricing for your parts, use the [Fabworks instant quoting tool](https://www.fabworks.com). Simply upload your tube or sheet metal part as a 3D Step file and we will analyze and quote it! To save time, you can upload a Multipart file and we will break it down into individual components and quote each one. You will receive some DFM checks and warnings to help you stay within our capabilities. # General CNC fiber laser cutting is a state-of-the-art technology that utilizes a computer numerical control (CNC) system and a high-powered fiber laser to precisely cut metal materials. By focusing the laser beam onto a specific point on the metal, the material is melted, vaporized, or blown away by an assist gas, leaving behind a clean and accurate cut. This process is well-suited for a wide variety of metals, such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and brass. CNC fiber laser cutting offers numerous advantages, including high precision, fast cutting speeds, and minimal material waste, making it an ideal choice for your next project. ## Kerf In the context of laser cutting, the term "kerf" refers to the width of material removed or vaporized during the process. Essentially, the kerf is the gap created as the laser beam cuts through the material. ::warning You do **NOT** need to compensate for kerf in your laser cutting files. :: ## Tolerance ::note Fabworks standard cutting tolerance is **+/-.005"** across your whole part. :: That's hole sizes, outer dimensions, hole to hole, everything! Most parts are manufactured to much tighter tolerances, around +/-.002". There are a few cases where you can see worse tolerances including: - Very long and thin parts that will deform while cutting - Thick parts with lots of cutouts that will require lots of heat to cut - Features located relative to tube edges (typically +/- .010") ## Taper Laser cutting taper is a natural occurrence during the laser cutting process, which results in cut edges that are angled or tapered instead of perfectly perpendicular to the material's surface. It is important for customers to be aware of this phenomenon, as it can affect the final appearance and dimensions of the cut pieces. ::note Most materials typically see **.001" taper for every .1"** in material thickness. :: ## Surface Finish When you receive laser cut parts from us, you can expect a smooth, clean surface finish with minimal burrs and heat-affected zones (HAZ). Our advanced laser cutting technology ensures that your parts are precisely cut to your specifications, resulting in minimal kerf width and consistent edges. Optionally, we apply post-processing techniques, such as deburring and cleaning, to further enhance the surface quality of your parts. # Sheet Our sheet laser cutting service runs on a 4kW TRUMPF TruLaser 1030 fiber laser. It cuts precise 2D profiles from flat metal sheet, including flat patterns for bent parts. Holes, slots, cutouts, and hardware locations are all cut in a single pass. These guidelines cover the practical limits and conventions to design around. For general laser cutting concepts like kerf, taper, and surface finish, see the [General Laser Cutting Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/general). ## Stock Materials We stock a curated set of aluminum, steel, and stainless steel sheet in a wide range of thicknesses. The full list of grades, thicknesses, and per-material limits is on the materials pages: - [Aluminum sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum) - [Steel sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/steel) - [Stainless steel sheet](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/stainless-steel) ::note If you need a material or thickness that isn't listed, contact us. :: ## Part Size Maximum part size is **96" x 47"**. Minimum part size is **0.25" x 0.25"**. There is no minimum order quantity. Parts that will be bent are also limited to **80 lbs** so they can be safely handled on the press brake. ## Tolerance Our standard cutting tolerance is **+/-0.005"** across your whole part — hole sizes, outer dimensions, and hole to hole. Most parts come out much tighter, around +/-0.002". You do not need to compensate for kerf in your files. See the [General Laser Cutting Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/general) for the details on kerf, taper, and when tolerances can open up. ## Hole and Feature Sizing Minimum hole and feature size depends on the material and thickness. Each materials page lists the minimum feature size for every thickness we stock, so check the material table for the exact limit on your material. Holes marked for hardware are resized automatically to the correct press-fit dimension, so model them at the hardware's callout size and let us handle the rest. See the [Hardware Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware) for supported PEM hardware. ## Added Services Sheet parts can move through the rest of the shop in the same order, with each service covered by its own guidelines: - [Bending](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) for formed parts off our press brakes - [Hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware) for PEM nuts, studs, and standoffs - [Tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/tapping) for threaded holes - [Countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking) for flat head fasteners - [Powder Coating](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/powder-coating) for a durable colored finish ## Engraving Laser engraving is the process of using the laser at lower power to mark the sheet surface without cutting through it. It's commonly used for part numbers, logos, or bend orientation marks. ::warning Fabworks does not currently offer engraving. :: ## File Format Upload a **STEP** or **STP** file when ordering — even for flat parts, we cut directly from your 3D model, and flat patterns for bent parts are unfolded automatically. 2D formats like DXF cannot be processed. If you're new to STEP export, see the guides for [Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360) and [Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape). # Tube Our tube laser is a 5-axis TRUMPF TruLaser Tube 5000 fiber laser. It cuts round, square, and rectangular tube in steel and aluminum, with features cut in a single setup including holes, tabs, slots, copes, miters, and bevels. These guidelines cover the practical limits and conventions to design around. For general laser cutting concepts like kerf, taper, and surface finish, see the [General Laser Cutting Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/general). ## Stock Sizes We stock a curated set of round, square, and rectangular tube sizes in both steel and aluminum. The full list of profiles, wall thicknesses, and material grades is on the materials pages: - [Aluminum tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/aluminum) - [Steel tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/steel) ::note If you need a size that isn't listed, contact us. :: ## Length Maximum finished part length is **96"**. There is no minimum length and no minimum order quantity. The machine cuts from longer raw stock, so end of stock drop-off is factored into pricing automatically. Length tolerance on a finished part is **+/-0.020"**, which accounts for the cut off from raw stock and end squareness. ## Edge Radius Square and rectangular tube stock has a small radius on the outside corners rather than perfectly sharp edges. The edge radius is a natural result of the tube forming process and varies between batches and suppliers. ::warning For quicker lead times, do **NOT** model the edge radius in your STEP file. :: Stock comes in with a different edge radius every time, so there is no specific value to design to. Sharp corners in CAD are fine. The physical part will have whatever radius the stock arrives with. ## Hole and Feature Sizing Minimum hole diameter is **0.020"** regardless of wall thickness or material. Keep holes at least **1 wall thickness** away from any tube edge or end cut. On square tube, place holes on the flat face rather than across the corner radius. Holes that cross the corner distort because the surface is curved through the kerf path. Tapped holes require at least three full threads of engagement to hold load. On walls thinner than **0.083"**, use a press in nut or threaded insert instead of tapping. ## End Cuts and Joining Features The 5-axis head supports a wide range of end conditions and joining features in a single operation: - Square cuts perpendicular to the tube axis - Miters up to **+/-45 degrees** - Compound miters, rotated and tilted in one cut - Copes, also known as fish mouths, for tube to tube intersections - Bevels for weld preparation - Tab and slot features for self-locating assemblies Designing with these features eliminates secondary cutting and reduces or removes welding fixtures. For more about the process and its applications, see [Tube Lasers Explained](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tube-laser-cutting). ## Engraving Laser engraving is the process of using the laser at lower power to mark the tube surface without cutting through it. It's commonly used for part numbers, orientation marks, logos, or weld location callouts. ::warning Fabworks does not currently offer engraving. :: ## File Format Tube laser cuts geometry directly from your 3D model. Upload a **STEP** or **STP** file when ordering. A 2D drawing cannot be processed for tube laser parts since the cuts wrap around the tube surface in three dimensions. If you're new to STEP export, see the guides for [Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360) and [Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape). # Bending Use these guidelines to design sheet metal parts that quote cleanly, bend reliably, and avoid surprises during production. The most important checks are bend angle, material thickness, flange length, reverse-bend clearance, and feature placement near bends. ## File Checklist Before uploading a bent sheet metal part, check these items: 1. Export the part as a 3D STEP file 2. Confirm the material and thickness are in our bending range 3. Confirm each bend angle is within our capability range 4. Check minimum flange lengths 5. Check reverse bends, return flanges, channels, joggles, and box shapes for punch clearance 6. Keep critical features outside of the distortion zone Use the chat bubble or email if you have any questions about our process. ## Bending Capabilities Our press brake bends most common sheet metal materials up to 0.250" thick. Following these guidelines gives you the fastest lead time and cleanest parts. If your part falls outside these guidelines, our quoting engine flags it before you order. ### Material Range - **Thicknesses:** 0.030" to 0.250" - **Materials:** Aluminum 5052-H32, Steel 1008, Steel A36, Stainless Steel 304-2B, Galvanized Steel G90 - **Maximum bend length:** up to 96" depending on material and thickness For specific thickness and length combinations by material, see the [materials pages](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). ### Bend Angle Available bend angle depends on the material, thickness, and tooling used for the part. Use the material table below to confirm the maximum bend angle for the stock you want to use. If your part has a return flange, channel, joggle, or boxed shape, also check the reverse bend clearance section. Tooling clearance can limit a part even when the material's bend angle is otherwise allowed. ### Bend Radius Bend radius is set by the tooling used for the selected material and thickness. The material table below lists the bend radius for each stock option. In most cases, you can use your CAD software's standard sheet metal settings and select the matching material thickness. If you need to hold a tight formed dimension, use the listed bend radius and K-factor values for the exact stock in the table. ## Minimum Flange Lengths The minimum flange length is the minimum length of the straight section of material between the bend and the edge of the sheet. Flanges shorter than this can slip into the V-die or buckle during bending, ruining the part. Minimum flange length depends on the selected V-die and the bend angle. Material and thickness can change which V-die we use. For the same tooling and angle, sheet thickness does not change the minimum flange length. Use the calculator below to estimate the minimum flange length for your part. ### How to Measure Flange Length Flange length is measured to the apex of the bend, not the length of the resulting flat face. Sharper bends reduce the resulting flat surface area when the flange length stays the same. ![How to measure flange length](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending/measure-flange.webp) ### Flange Length Calculator Select the material, thickness, and bend angle. The calculator shows the minimum flange length and an approximate distortion zone. The green dimension shows the minimum flange length. The orange dimension and hatched area show the distortion zone. ::note Set flange lengths at least 1/16 in above the calculated minimum for extra safety whenever your design allows it. :: :flange-calculator **Do you want us to check your full part?** [Upload your STEP file](https://www.fabworks.com). Our software checks each flange against the minimum length. ## Distortion Zone The distortion zone is the area near a bend where the material stretches and changes shape. Holes and slots in this area can deform. A round hole can become oval. A slot can become angled. An edge can also crack. Use the minimum flange calculator above to find the approximate distortion zone for your material, thickness, and bend angle. The calculator estimates this zone as 75% of the minimum flange length. Measure the distance from the bend apex, as shown by the orange dimension. Keep critical holes, slots, and edges outside the distortion zone when their size or position is important. ::warning Some non-critical features can extend into the distortion zone. These features can have deformation and lower dimensional accuracy. :: **Is a feature too close to a bend?** [Upload your STEP file](https://www.fabworks.com). Our software flags critical features that are inside the distortion zone. ## Reverse Bends A reverse bend is a bend where the punch must enter a channel that was formed by an earlier bend. Examples include a Z-bend, joggle, U-channel, return flange, or box. For these features, punch clearance sets the limit. ### Reverse Bend Clearance Checker Use the beta checker below when your part has a return flange or box feature. The colored curves show the clearance for the punch styles that our quoting engine can select. :reverse-bend-chart ::note If your reverse bend does not fit the clearance envelopes, contact us. You can usually change the design or split the part and join it with welding or hardware. :: ## Tolerances - Single bends will be held to a +/- 0.015" length tolerance - Single bends will be held to a +/- 1 degree angle tolerance - Features separated by multiple bends will be held to an additional +/- 0.015" for each separating bend - Die marks will be visible on all bends ## K-Factor The K-factor sets where the neutral axis sits inside a bend, which determines how much your flat pattern stretches when it forms. Get it wrong and your part comes off the brake at the wrong overall dimensions even if the bend angle is correct. Your CAD software's default K-factor, typically 0.4 to 0.45, is fine for our standard tooling and materials. Don't override it unless you're working to a tight stack-up tolerance, in which case email , or use the chat bubble, and we'll give you the exact value to use for your specific material and thickness. ## What We Can't Bend - Single bends longer than 96" - Bends past the maximum angle listed for that material and thickness - Reverse bends that exceed the available punch clearance envelope - Materials not in our standard inventory **Not sure if your part is bendable?** [Upload your STEP file](https://www.fabworks.com) and our software will check it for you in seconds. ## Material Table Use this table to compare stock thickness, bend radius, minimum flange length at 90°, maximum bend length, and maximum bend angle. :bending-table # Hardware ![Pemnuts](https://www.fabworks.com/pem.webp) Hardware, specifically PEM nuts, are a significant component in sheet metal fabrication, especially when it comes to enhancing the assembly and robustness of sheet metal parts. PEM nuts are a type of self-clinching fastener that, when installed into a pre-cut hole and subjected to sufficient force, clinches into the sheet metal, creating a permanent and strong thread in thin metal sheets. One of the main advantages of PEM nuts is their capacity to provide strong load-bearing threads in sheet metal applications where it may otherwise be challenging to achieve robust, threaded connections. They are ideal for use with thin sheet metal components where cutting threads (like tapping) is not sufficient. ### PEM Nuts :hole-ops-table{subtype="Nut" type="hardware"} ### PEM Flush Nuts :hole-ops-table{subtype="Flush Nut" type="hardware"} ### PEM Studs :hole-ops-table{subtype="Stud" type="hardware"} ### PEM Standoffs :hole-ops-table{subtype="Standoff" type="hardware"} ### PEM Blind Standoffs :hole-ops-table{subtype="Blind Standoff" type="hardware"} ### Rivnuts :hole-ops-table{subtype="Rivnut" type="hardware"} # Countersinking ::warning Larger countersinks in thinner materials will enlarge the inner hole diameter. This can cause issues with your part fitment. Please make sure to account for this when designing your parts. :: Countersinking is a vital process in sheet metal fabrication, particularly when creating components that require a smooth surface with no protruding screw heads or fasteners. This technique involves enlarging the top portion of a pre-drilled hole, creating a tapered seat that allows flat-head screws or bolts to sit flush with or beneath the surface of the sheet metal. ## Countersink Sizes ::callout{color="primary" icon="i-ph-info-duotone"} You can order a countersinking of **any** size with an angle of `82°`, `90°`, `100°`, or `120°`. These are the same angles accepted by our DFM checks. Just upload a STEP file with your countersinks drawn directly in your model. :: Fabworks gives you the ability to upload STEP files with your countersinks pre-drawn. This reduces the amount of time you will spend configuring your order. When taking this approach, you can pick from any diameter of countersink as long as it's one of the following angles: `82°`, `90°`, `100°`, or `120°`. Please keep in mind that we hold a tolerance of -.000"/+.015" on all countersinks, which ensures that your bolts will sit sub flush with the surface of the sheet metal. When powder coating your parts, we recommend accounting for the \~.004" of added thickness if a sub flush fit is critical. ## Configurable Countersinks In some cases you might want to add a countersink to a preexisting model. You can use our hole operations tool to add one of the following countersinks to your parts. :hole-ops-table{type="countersink"} # Counterboring Counterboring creates a flat-bottom recess around a hole so a screw head can sit below or flush with the surface of the part. This is most commonly used for standard socket head cap screws (SHCS) and other machine screws where the head needs clearance from a mating part, moving assembly, or finished outside surface. Unlike countersinking, counterboring keeps a cylindrical wall and flat shoulder for the screw head instead of a tapered seat. Use it when your hardware has a cylindrical head or when you need a predictable head pocket depth. ## Counterbore Sizes ::callout{color="primary" icon="i-ph-info-duotone"} You can order a counterbore of **any** depth when the body diameter and pilot diameter match one of the sizes below. Upload a STEP file with the counterbores drawn directly in your model. :: The sizes below are the supported counterbore dimensions for common socket head cap screws. Counterbores must be modeled directly in your STEP file; they cannot be added from the hole operations selector. ### Inch | For screw size | Body dia. | Pilot dia. | | -------------- | --------: | ---------: | | #4 | `0.206"` | `0.128"` | | #6 | `0.244"` | `0.154"` | | #8 | `0.288"` | `0.180"` | | #10 | `0.330"` | `0.206"` | | 1/4" | `0.398"` | `0.266"` | | 5/16" | `0.491"` | `0.328"` | ### Metric | For screw size | Body dia. | Pilot dia. | | -------------- | --------: | ---------: | | M3 | `6.0 mm` | `3.5 mm` | | M4 | `7.5 mm` | `4.5 mm` | | M5 | `9.0 mm` | `5.5 mm` | | M6 | `10.5 mm` | `6.5 mm` | | M8 | `13.5 mm` | `8.5 mm` | ## Depth Tolerance All counterbores are cut to a depth tolerance of `+.015" / -.000"`. # Tapping In sheet metal fabrication, tapping plays an essential role in the assembly of parts and their functionalities. It refers to the method of creating internal threads in pre-cut holes of a sheet metal piece, allowing for secure attachment of threaded components like screws or bolts. Tapping in sheet metal fabrication is crucial for constructing a broad range of products, as it facilitates the assembly and disassembly of components. The process grants design flexibility and enables the creation of durable, robust structures. Whether it's an electronics enclosure, a machine component, or a piece of furniture, if it involves joining sheet metal parts, tapping likely plays a vital role. :hole-ops-table{type="tap"} # Powder Coating ::warning Powder coating will add .002"-.004" to each surface of your part. :: Enhance your sheet metal products with our expert sheet metal finishing service, where durability and style come together seamlessly. We specialize in powder coating, a technique that not only ensures long-lasting resilience but also elevates the visual appeal of your items. Our commitment extends beyond functionality, as we offer a wide array of colors and finishes to give your sheet metal products a unique and personalized touch. By choosing our services, you'll experience a perfect balance between strength and aesthetic appeal. :finish-table Powder coating is not just about protecting your products; it's about making them truly remarkable. Our exceptional powder coating service guarantees that your items will effortlessly stand out, representing a harmonious blend of robustness and style. ::note All parts will need a small hole or cutout for hanging. If your parts do not have a hole or cutout, we will reach out to ask where we can add one. :: If you need holes or surfaces masked, please reach out to our team before placing an order. # Aluminum ### 5052-H32 Aluminum | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.032" | 0.81 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.040" | 1.02 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.050" | 1.27 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.063" | 1.60 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.080" | 2.03 mm | +/- 0.005" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.090" | 2.29 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.100" | 2.54 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.125" | 3.17 mm | +/- 0.007" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | Yes | | 0.160" | 4.06 mm | +/- 0.008" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | Yes | | 0.187" | 4.75 mm | +/- 0.009" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | Yes | | 0.250" | 6.35 mm | +/- 0.025" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.06" | Yes | The 5052 series of laser-cut aluminum is a top choice among our metal offerings. It is widely employed across various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and robotics, due to its perfect balance of outstanding performance and cost-effectiveness. Laser-cut aluminum from the 5052 series is durable, economical, and lightweight, making it the preferred material for projects that require exceptional all-around properties. Whether you're involved in welding, machining, or bending, this aluminum variant is ideal for tasks where load-bearing capacity is crucial. ### 6061-T6 Aluminum | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.040" | 1.02 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | No | | 0.050" | 1.27 mm | +/- 0.005" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | No | | 0.063" | 1.60 mm | +/- 0.005" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | No | | 0.080" | 2.03 mm | +/- 0.005" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | No | | 0.090" | 2.29 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | No | | 0.100" | 2.54 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | No | | 0.125" | 3.17 mm | +/- 0.007" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | No | | 0.160" | 4.06 mm | +/- 0.008" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | No | | 0.187" | 4.75 mm | +/- 0.009" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | No | | 0.250" | 6.35 mm | +/- 0.025" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.06" | No | | 0.375" | 9.52 mm | +/- 0.030" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.16" | No | Laser cut 6061 aluminum boasts exceptional corrosion resistance, durability, and strength, positioning it as a prime option for numerous applications spanning the automotive, aerospace, and robotics sectors. Notably, 6061 aluminum is recognized for its impressive weldability and its capacity to maintain robust impact loading performance, making it an ideal choice for a diverse array of custom laser cut projects. Frequently used in structural applications that require both resilience and corrosion resistance, our laser cut 6061 aluminum stands out due to its heat-treatability. The heat-treating process, referred to as precipitation hardening, bolsters the alloy's strength without sacrificing its essential properties. The aluminum alloys we utilize are specifically engineered to handle substantial vibration levels (commonly known as fatigue strength), rendering them perfectly suited for high-impact applications in transportation and robotics. Versatile and adaptable, 6061 aluminum combines the robustness of 7075 with the malleability of 5052, catering to a broad spectrum of requirements. ### 7075-T6 Aluminum | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.125" | 3.17 mm | +/- 0.007" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | No | | 0.250" | 6.35 mm | +/- 0.025" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.07" | No | # Steel ### 1008 Steel | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.048" | 1.22 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.059" | 1.50 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.074" | 1.88 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.104" | 2.64 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | Yes | | 0.119" | 3.02 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | Yes | | 0.135" | 3.43 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | Yes | | 0.187" | 4.75 mm | +/- 0.008" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.05" | Yes | Cold-rolled carbon steel is highly favored by our clientele for its workability. Essentially, it is hot-rolled steel that undergoes extra processing, which results in a sharper edge, improved surface quality, and more precise dimensions. Cold-rolled steel offers superior refinement and tends to be slightly stronger and harder compared to its hot-rolled counterpart. Due to these advantages, cold-rolled steel is better suited for bending and fabrication tasks. Our mild steel is the preferred option for fabricators, welders, machinists, prototypers, and anyone in need of a sturdy, dependable component that is easy to manipulate. ### A36 Steel | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.250" | 6.35 mm | +/- 0.010" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.13" | Yes | | 0.375" | 9.52 mm | +/- 0.020" | 0.50" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.16" | No | | 0.500" | 12.70 mm | +/- 0.030" | 1.00" x 1.00" | 48" x 48" | 0.19" | No | A36-HRPO (Hot-Rolled Pickled and Oiled) steel is a top choice among Fabworks' clients for its adaptability and resilience. Unlike cold-rolled steel, A36-HRPO is processed in a way that maintains the steel's natural strength while enhancing its workability. Essentially, A36-HRPO starts as hot-rolled steel and undergoes a pickling and oiling process. This procedure removes any scale from the surface and coats it with oil, providing better surface quality and making it more suitable for bending and fabrication tasks. A36-HRPO steel is recognized as an ideal choice for fabricators, welders, machinists, prototypers, and others in search of a robust and dependable material that's easy to manipulate. This type of steel combines the benefits of hot-rolled strength with improved surface finish, meeting the unique needs of various manufacturing and laser cutting services we offer. ### G90 Galvanized Steel | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.048" | 1.22 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.059" | 1.50 mm | +/- 0.004" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.074" | 1.88 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | G90 galvanized steel is carbon steel that has been hot-dip galvanized with a zinc coating, providing excellent corrosion resistance for both indoor and outdoor applications. The "G90" designation indicates a zinc coating weight of 0.90 oz per square foot of steel surface, offering robust protection against rust and environmental elements. This galvanized coating creates a barrier that prevents moisture and oxygen from reaching the underlying steel, significantly extending the material's lifespan in harsh conditions. The zinc coating also provides sacrificial protection - if the coating is scratched or damaged, the zinc will corrode first, protecting the steel beneath. G90 galvanized steel is ideal for outdoor structures, agricultural equipment, HVAC components, electrical enclosures, and any application where corrosion resistance is critical. While the galvanized coating may affect welding and require special considerations for some fabrication processes, it remains a cost-effective solution for projects requiring long-term durability and weather resistance. Our G90 galvanized steel combines structural strength with superior corrosion protection, making it the go-to choice for fabricators and engineers working on projects exposed to moisture, salt air, or other corrosive environments. # Stainless Steel ## 304-2B Stainless Steel | Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thickness Tolerance | Min Part Size | Max Part Size | Min Feature Size | Bending | | --------- | ---------------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------- | | 0.030" | 0.76 mm | +/- 0.002" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.048" | 1.22 mm | +/- 0.003" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.02" | Yes | | 0.060" | 1.52 mm | +/- 0.003" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.074" | 1.88 mm | +/- 0.005" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.100" | 2.54 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.03" | Yes | | 0.120" | 3.05 mm | +/- 0.006" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.04" | Yes | | 0.187" | 4.75 mm | +/- 0.030" | 0.25" x 0.25" | 96" x 48" | 0.06" | Yes | | 0.250" | 6.35 mm | +/- 0.035" | 0.50" x 0.50" | 96" x 48" | 0.07" | Yes | For projects that demand longevity, stainless steel is an excellent option. The 304 stainless steel is weldable, formable, and user-friendly, making it the premier choice for projects that necessitate immense strength and resilience. Laser-cut 304 stainless steel is resistant to oxidation, which allows for easy sanitation and upkeep. This unique characteristic makes it a popular choice for many food service applications, ranging from countertops to cookware. The resistance of laser-cut stainless steel to oxidation also makes it suitable for corrosive and high exposure environments. It is used in a variety of settings, from construction sites and wineries to marine surroundings, serving different functions in each instance. The adaptability of this steel makes it one of the most widely used materials that Fabworks provides. For heightened corrosion resistance, explore our laser-cut 316 stainless steel. # Aluminum ### 6061-T6 Aluminum 6061 aluminum tubing, in both square and round profiles, is a premium selection in our metal lineup. Widely used in aerospace, automotive, and precision engineering applications, this versatile alloy delivers outstanding performance with cost efficiency. Round tubing excels in pressure applications and fluid systems, while square profiles provide superior structural stability and mounting capabilities. With excellent machinability, weldability, and heat-treatability, plus inherent corrosion resistance that eliminates costly protective treatments, 6061 aluminum tubing consistently delivers exceptional value for load-bearing applications. | Type | Width | Height | Thickness | Corner Radius | | ----- | ----- | ------ | --------- | ------------- | | Box | 0.75" | 0.75" | 0.063" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.063" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.063" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 1.00" | 0.063" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 1.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 1.50" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.063" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 3.00" | 1.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 3.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 3.50" | 3.50" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 4.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 4.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Box | 5.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 5.00" | 3.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 6.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | 0.00" | | Box | 6.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.00" | | Round | 0.75" | 0.75" | 0.063" | | | Round | 0.75" | 0.75" | 0.125" | | | Round | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.063" | | | Round | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.125" | | | Round | 1.13" | 1.13" | 0.063" | | | Round | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.125" | | | Round | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.188" | | | Round | 1.63" | 1.63" | 0.140" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.063" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.125" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | | | Round | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.125" | | | Round | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.188" | | | Round | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.125" | | | Round | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | | | Round | 3.50" | 3.50" | 0.125" | | | Round | 3.50" | 3.50" | 0.188" | | | Round | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.125" | | | Round | 5.00" | 5.00" | 0.125" | | | Round | 6.00" | 6.00" | 0.125" | | # Steel ### A513 Steel A513 steel is a mechanical tubing grade valued for its excellent formability and weldability. Popular in automotive components, furniture, and structural applications, A513 steel combines strength and workability at an economical price point. It can be readily cut, formed, and welded, making it suitable for both prototyping and production projects requiring precise specifications. | Type | Width | Height | Thickness | Corner Radius | | ----- | ----- | ------ | --------- | ------------- | | Box | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.065" | 0.13" | | Box | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 1.50" | 0.75" | 0.060" | 0.12" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.00" | 0.065" | 0.13" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.060" | 0.12" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 2.00" | 1.00" | 0.065" | 0.13" | | Box | 2.00" | 1.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.065" | 0.13" | | Box | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 3.00" | 1.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 3.00" | 1.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 3.00" | 2.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 3.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 4.00" | 2.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 4.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 4.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.120" | 0.24" | | Box | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 5.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 5.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Box | 6.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | 0.38" | | Round | 0.75" | 0.75" | 0.058" | | | Round | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.058" | | | Round | 1.00" | 1.00" | 0.120" | | | Round | 1.25" | 1.25" | 0.058" | | | Round | 1.25" | 1.25" | 0.120" | | | Round | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.058" | | | Round | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.120" | | | Round | 1.75" | 1.75" | 0.058" | | | Round | 1.75" | 1.75" | 0.120" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.058" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.120" | | | Round | 2.25" | 2.25" | 0.120" | | | Round | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.058" | | | Round | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.120" | | | Round | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.058" | | | Round | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.120" | | | Round | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.058" | | | Round | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.120" | | ### A519 Steel A519 steel is a premium seamless carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing specification. This seamless construction makes A519 superior for high-pressure applications, torsional stress scenarios, and critical structural components where weld failure is a concern. While more expensive than A513, A519 offers enhanced reliability in demanding environments where consistent performance under stress is essential. | Type | Width | Height | Thickness | Corner Radius | | ----- | ----- | ------ | --------- | ------------- | | Round | 1.50" | 1.50" | 0.188" | | | Round | 1.75" | 1.75" | 0.188" | | | Round | 2.00" | 2.00" | 0.188" | | | Round | 2.50" | 2.50" | 0.188" | | | Round | 3.00" | 3.00" | 0.188" | | | Round | 4.00" | 4.00" | 0.188" | | # Terms of Service *Last updated: July 9, 2026* ## Overview This website is operated by Fabworks, Inc. Throughout the site, the terms “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Fabworks, Inc. Fabworks, Inc. offers this website, including all information, tools and Services available from this site to you, the user, conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms, conditions, policies and notices stated here. By visiting our site and/ or purchasing something from us, you engage in our “Service” and agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions (“Terms of Service”, “Terms”), including those additional terms and conditions and policies referenced herein and/or available by hyperlink. These Terms of Service apply to all users of the site, including without limitation users who are browsers, vendors, customers, merchants, and/ or contributors of content. Please read these Terms of Service carefully before accessing or using our website. By accessing or using any part of the site, you agree to be bound by these Terms of Service. If you do not agree to all the terms and conditions of this agreement, then you may not access the website or use any Services. If these Terms of Service are considered an offer, acceptance is expressly limited to these Terms of Service. Any new features or tools which are added to the current store shall also be subject to the Terms of Service. You can review the most current version of the Terms of Service at any time on this page. We reserve the right to update, change or replace any part of these Terms of Service by posting updates and/or changes to our website. It is your responsibility to check this page periodically for changes. Your continued use of or access to the website following the posting of any changes constitutes acceptance of those changes. ## Online Store By agreeing to these Terms of Service, you represent that you are at least the age of majority in your state or province of residence, or that you are the age of majority in your state or province of residence and you have given us your consent to allow any of your minor dependents to use this site. You may not use our products for any illegal or unauthorized purpose nor may you, in the use of the Service, violate any laws in your jurisdiction (including but not limited to copyright laws). You must not transmit any worms or viruses or any code of a destructive nature. A breach or violation of any of the Terms will result in an immediate termination of your Services. ## General Conditions We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone for any reason at any time. You understand that your content (not including credit card information), may be transferred unencrypted and involve (a) transmissions over various networks; and (b) changes to conform and adapt to technical requirements of connecting networks or devices. Credit card information is always encrypted during transfer over networks. You agree not to reproduce, duplicate, copy, sell, resell or exploit any portion of the Service, use of the Service, or access to the Service or any contact on the website through which the service is provided, without express written permission by us. The headings used in this agreement are included for convenience only and will not limit or otherwise affect these Terms. ## Accuracy, Completeness and Timeliness of Information We are not responsible if information made available on this site is not accurate, complete or current. The material on this site is provided for general information only and should not be relied upon or used as the sole basis for making decisions without consulting primary, more accurate, more complete or more timely sources of information. Any reliance on the material on this site is at your own risk. This site may contain certain historical information. Historical information, necessarily, is not current and is provided for your reference only. We reserve the right to modify the contents of this site at any time, but we have no obligation to update any information on our site. You agree that it is your responsibility to monitor changes to our site. ## Modifications to the Service and Prices Prices for our products are subject to change without notice. We reserve the right at any time to modify or discontinue the Service (or any part or content thereof) without notice at any time. We shall not be liable to you or to any third-party for any modification, price change, suspension or discontinuance of the Service. ## Products or Services Certain products or Services may be available exclusively online through the website. These products or Services may have limited quantities and are subject to return or exchange only according to our Return Policy. To view our Return Policy, please see our [Refund Policy](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/refundpolicy). We have made every effort to display as accurately as possible the colors and images of our products that appear at the store. We cannot guarantee that your computer monitor's display of any color will be accurate. We reserve the right, but are not obligated, to limit the sales of our products or Services to any person, geographic region or jurisdiction. We may exercise this right on a case-by-case basis. We reserve the right to limit the quantities of any products or Services that we offer. All descriptions of products or product pricing are subject to change at anytime without notice, at the sole discretion of us. We reserve the right to discontinue any product at any time. Any offer for any product or service made on this site is void where prohibited. We do not warrant that the quality of any products, Services, information, or other material purchased or obtained by you will meet your expectations, or that any errors in the Service will be corrected. ## Accuracy of Billing and Account Information We reserve the right to refuse any order you place with us. We may, in our sole discretion, limit or cancel quantities purchased per person, per household or per order. These restrictions may include orders placed by or under the same customer account, the same credit card, and/or orders that use the same billing and/or shipping address. In the event that we make a change to or cancel an order, we may attempt to notify you by contacting the e-mail and/or billing address/phone number provided at the time the order was made. We reserve the right to limit or prohibit orders that, in our sole judgment, appear to be placed by dealers, resellers or distributors. You agree to provide current, complete and accurate purchase and account information for all purchases made at our store. You agree to promptly update your account and other information, including your email address and credit card numbers and expiration dates, so that we can complete your transactions and contact you as needed. For more detail, please review our [Refund Policy](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/refundpolicy). ## Optional Tools We may provide you with access to third-party tools over which we neither monitor nor have any control nor input. You acknowledge and agree that we provide access to such tools ”as is” and “as available” without any warranties, representations or conditions of any kind and without any endorsement. We shall have no liability whatsoever arising from or relating to your use of optional third-party tools. Any use by you of the optional tools offered through the site is entirely at your own risk and discretion and you should ensure that you are familiar with and approve of the terms on which tools are provided by the relevant third-party provider(s). We may also, in the future, offer new Services and/or features through the website (including, the release of new tools and resources). Such new features and/or Services shall also be subject to these Terms of Service. ## Third-Party Links Certain content, products and Services available via our Service may include materials from third-parties. Third-party links on this site may direct you to third-party websites that are not affiliated with us. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating the content or accuracy and we do not warrant and will not have any liability or responsibility for any third-party materials or websites, or for any other materials, products, or Services of third-parties. We are not liable for any harm or damages related to the purchase or use of goods, Services, resources, content, or any other transactions made in connection with any third-party websites. Please review carefully the third-party's policies and practices and make sure you understand them before you engage in any transaction. Complaints, claims, concerns, or questions regarding third-party products should be directed to the third-party. ## User Comments, Feedback and Other Submissions If, at our request, you send certain specific submissions (for example contest entries) or without a request from us you send creative ideas, suggestions, proposals, plans, or other materials, whether online, by email, by postal mail, or otherwise (collectively, 'comments'), you agree that we may, at any time, without restriction, edit, copy, publish, distribute, translate and otherwise use in any medium any comments that you forward to us. We are and shall be under no obligation (1) to maintain any comments in confidence; (2) to pay compensation for any comments; or (3) to respond to any comments. We may, but have no obligation to, monitor, edit or remove content that we determine in our sole discretion to be unlawful, offensive, threatening, libelous, defamatory, pornographic, obscene or otherwise objectionable or violates any party’s intellectual property or these Terms of Service. You agree that your comments will not violate any right of any third-party, including copyright, trademark, privacy, personality or other personal or proprietary right. You further agree that your comments will not contain libelous or otherwise unlawful, abusive or obscene material, or contain any computer virus or other malware that could in any way affect the operation of the Service or any related website. You may not use a false e-mail address, pretend to be someone other than yourself, or otherwise mislead us or third-parties as to the origin of any comments. You are solely responsible for any comments you make and their accuracy. We take no responsibility and assume no liability for any comments posted by you or any third-party. ## Personal Information Your submission of personal information through the store is governed by our [Privacy Policy](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/privacypolicy). ## SMS Terms If you provide your mobile phone number and consent to receive text messages from Fabworks, you agree that Fabworks may send you text messages related to your orders, quotes, support requests, account activity, or job application. Recruiting messages may include application updates, interview scheduling, follow-up questions, and next-step coordination for roles you applied to. Message frequency varies. Message and data rates may apply. Consent to receive text messages is not a condition of purchase. You can opt out at any time by replying STOP. You can request help by replying HELP or by contacting . Mobile opt-in data, text messaging consent, and phone numbers collected for SMS communications are not shared, sold, rented, or disclosed to third parties or affiliates for their marketing or promotional purposes. For more information, please review our Privacy Policy. You can review Fabworks SMS opt-in instructions at any time on our [SMS Opt-In Instructions](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/smsoptin) page. ## Errors, Inaccuracies and Omissions Occasionally there may be information on our site or in the Service that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies or omissions that may relate to product descriptions, pricing, promotions, offers, product shipping charges, transit times and availability. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions, and to change or update information or cancel orders if any information in the Service or on any related website is inaccurate at any time without prior notice (including after you have submitted your order). We undertake no obligation to update, amend or clarify information in the Service or on any related website, including without limitation, pricing information, except as required by law. No specified update or refresh date applied in the Service or on any related website, should be taken to indicate that all information in the Service or on any related website has been modified or updated. ## Prohibited Uses In addition to other prohibitions as set forth in the Terms of Service, you are prohibited from using the site or its content: (a) for any unlawful purpose; (b) to solicit others to perform or participate in any unlawful acts; (c) to violate any international, federal, provincial or state regulations, rules, laws, or local ordinances; (d) to infringe upon or violate our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others; (e) to harass, abuse, insult, harm, defame, slander, disparage, intimidate, or discriminate based on gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, race, age, national origin, or disability; (f) to submit false or misleading information; (g) to upload or transmit viruses or any other type of malicious code that will or may be used in any way that will affect the functionality or operation of the Service or of any related website, other websites, or the Internet; (h) to collect or track the personal information of others; (i) to spam, phish, pharm, pretext, spider, crawl, or scrape; (j) for any obscene or immoral purpose; or (k) to interfere with or circumvent the security features of the Service or any related website, other websites, or the Internet. We reserve the right to terminate your use of the Service or any related website for violating any of the prohibited uses. ## Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability We do not guarantee, represent or warrant that your use of our service will be uninterrupted, timely, secure or error-free. We do not warrant that the results that may be obtained from the use of the service will be accurate or reliable. You agree that from time to time we may remove the service for indefinite periods of time or cancel the service at any time, without notice to you. You expressly agree that your use of, or inability to use, the service is at your sole risk. The service and all products and Services delivered to you through the service are (except as expressly stated by us) provided 'as is' and 'as available' for your use, without any representation, warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied, including all implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, merchantable quality, fitness for a particular purpose, durability, title, and non-infringement. In no case shall Fabworks, Inc., our directors, officers, employees, affiliates, agents, contractors, interns, suppliers, service providers or licensors be liable for any injury, loss, claim, or any direct, indirect, incidental, punitive, special, or consequential damages of any kind, including, without limitation lost profits, lost revenue, lost savings, loss of data, replacement costs, or any similar damages, whether based in contract, tort (including negligence), strict liability or otherwise, arising from your use of any of the service or any products procured using the service, or for any other claim related in any way to your use of the service or any product, including, but not limited to, any errors or omissions in any content, or any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of the service or any content (or product) posted, transmitted, or otherwise made available via the service, even if advised of their possibility. Because some states or jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or the limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, in such states or jurisdictions, our liability shall be limited to the maximum extent permitted by law. ## Indemnification You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Fabworks, Inc. and our parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, partners, officers, directors, agents, contractors, licensors, service providers, subcontractors, suppliers, interns and employees, harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, made by any third-party due to or arising out of your breach of these Terms of Service or the documents they incorporate by reference, or your violation of any law or the rights of a third-party. ## Severability In the event that any provision of these Terms of Service is determined to be unlawful, void or unenforceable, such provision shall nonetheless be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and the unenforceable portion shall be deemed to be severed from these Terms of Service, such determination shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any other remaining provisions. ## Termination The obligations and liabilities of the parties incurred prior to the termination date shall survive the termination of this agreement for all purposes. These Terms of Service are effective unless and until terminated by either you or us. You may terminate these Terms of Service at any time by notifying us that you no longer wish to use our Services, or when you cease using our site. If in our sole judgment you fail, or we suspect that you have failed, to comply with any term or provision of these Terms of Service, we also may terminate this agreement at any time without notice and you will remain liable for all amounts due up to and including the date of termination; and/or accordingly may deny you access to our Services (or any part thereof). ## Entire Agreement The failure of us to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Service shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Service and any policies or operating rules posted by us on this site or in respect to The Service constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between you and us and govern your use of the Service, superseding any prior or contemporaneous agreements, communications and proposals, whether oral or written, between you and us (including, but not limited to, any prior versions of the Terms of Service). Any ambiguities in the interpretation of these Terms of Service shall not be construed against the drafting party. ## Governing Law These Terms of Service and any separate agreements whereby we provide you Services shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of United States. ## Changes to Terms of Service You can review the most current version of the Terms of Service at any time at this page. We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to update, change or replace any part of these Terms of Service by posting updates and changes to our website. It is your responsibility to check our website periodically for changes. Your continued use of or access to our website or the Service following the posting of any changes to these Terms of Service constitutes acceptance of those changes. ## Contact Information Questions about the Terms of Service should be sent to us at . Our contact information is posted below: Sessa Manufacturing and Welding, Inc. D.b.a. Fabworks, Inc. 2932 Golf Course Drive, Ventura, CA 93003 # SMS Opt-In Instructions ## SMS Opt-In Instructions Fabworks sends text messages only to people who consent to receive them. Message frequency varies. Message and data rates may apply. Consent to receive text messages is not required to buy from Fabworks, apply for a job, or work with us. For order, quote, support, vendor, or partner communications, you may opt in by providing your mobile phone number to Fabworks during the relevant order, quote, support request, vendor conversation, partner conversation, or direct business conversation and agreeing to receive text messages about that work. For recruiting communications, you may opt in on a Fabworks job application form by answering Yes to the optional SMS consent question. Recruiting text messages may include application updates, interview scheduling, follow-up questions, and next-step coordination. You can opt out of Fabworks text messages at any time by replying STOP. You can request help by replying HELP or by contacting . Mobile opt-in data, text messaging consent, and phone numbers collected for SMS communications are not shared, sold, rented, or disclosed to third parties or affiliates for their marketing or promotional purposes. # Shipping Orders ship via FedEx or UPS. Enter your zip code during checkout for a shipping estimate. We ship to all 50 US states and Canada. ![Shipping Map](https://www.fabworks.com/shippingmap.webp) See our shipping map for an estimated delivery time for your *standard shipping* orders. Upon shipment you will receive a tracking number that will provide a more accurate delivery estimate for your order. ## Shipping Options We offer four lead time options at checkout: - **Economy** — the lowest cost option when your parts aren't in a hurry. - **Standard** — our default option, balancing cost and delivery time. - **Priority** — moves your order ahead in the queue for a faster turnaround. - **Express** — the fastest option, for when you need your parts as soon as possible. We pick the carrier and service based on the option you choose and the size of your order — typically FedEx Home Delivery or UPS Ground for standard orders, FedEx Express for expedited orders, and FedEx LTL freight for larger orders. For larger orders that ship via LTL freight, please include your business name at checkout so the freight carrier can schedule delivery. ## Local Pickup Prefer to pick up your parts? Choose local pickup at checkout and collect your order from our shop in Ventura, California, Monday through Friday, 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM. # Payment Terms ## Standard Payment Terms Fabworks operates as a rapid service and requires upfront payment to maintain material inventory and minimize lead times. Standard checkout accepts credit and debit cards, as well as Stripe Link. ## Purchase Orders and Net Terms We offer purchase order checkout with net terms as a convenience for business customers who prefer a traditional purchase order process. Purchase order checkout is available to approved business accounts on orders of **$500 or more**, with terms of **Net 10** by default. When you check out with a purchase order, we email you an invoice that can be paid online. Orders over **$25,000** are always processed through the purchase order process rather than card checkout. ## Why We Limit Credit Terms We maintain minimal front office staff to review credit applications and handle invoicing and collections. This streamlined approach is a key factor in keeping our prices competitive. ## Getting Approved for Purchase Orders If you're interested in gaining access to purchase order checkout for your business, please contact us at before placing your order. # Privacy Policy ## Personal Information We Collect When you visit the Site, we automatically collect certain information about your device, including information about your web browser, IP address, time zone, and some of the cookies that are installed on your device. Additionally, as you browse the Site, we collect information about the individual web pages or products that you view, what websites or search terms referred you to the Site, and information about how you interact with the Site. We refer to this automatically-collected information as “Device Information.” We collect Device Information using the following technologies - “Cookies” are data files that are placed on your device or computer and often include an anonymous unique identifier. For more information about cookies, and how to disable cookies, visit {rel=""nofollow""}. - “Log files” track actions occurring on the Site, and collect data including your IP address, browser type, Internet service provider, referring/exit pages, and date/time stamps. - “Web beacons,” “tags,” and “pixels” are electronic files used to record information about how you browse the Site. Additionally when you make a purchase or attempt to make a purchase through the Site, we collect certain information from you, including your name, billing address, shipping address, payment information (including credit card numbers), email address, and phone number. We refer to this information as “Order Information.” If you apply for a job with Fabworks, we may collect application information that you choose to provide, including your name, email address, phone number, resume, work history, and other information related to your application. We use this information to evaluate candidates, communicate about open roles, schedule interviews, and manage the hiring process. When we talk about “Personal Information” in this Privacy Policy, we are talking both about Device Information and Order Information. ## How Do We Use Your Personal Information? We use the Order Information that we collect generally to fulfill any orders placed through the Site (including processing your payment information, arranging for shipping, and providing you with invoices and/or order confirmations). Additionally, we use this Order Information to: Communicate with you; Screen our orders for potential risk or fraud; and When in line with the preferences you have shared with us, provide you with information or advertising relating to our products or services. We use the Device Information that we collect to help us screen for potential risk and fraud (in particular, your IP address), and more generally to improve and optimize our Site (for example, by generating analytics about how our customers browse and interact with the Site, and to assess the success of our marketing and advertising campaigns). ## SMS Communications When you provide your mobile phone number and consent to receive text messages from Fabworks, we may use that number to send transactional messages related to your orders, support requests, quotes, account activity, or job application. Message frequency varies. Message and data rates may apply. For recruiting communications, text messages may include application updates, interview scheduling, follow-up questions, and next-step coordination for roles you applied to. You can opt out of text messages at any time by replying STOP, and you can request help by replying HELP or contacting . Mobile opt-in data, text messaging consent, and phone numbers collected for SMS communications are not shared, sold, rented, or disclosed to third parties or affiliates for their marketing or promotional purposes. We may share this information only with service providers who help us deliver messages, operate our systems, comply with law, or protect our rights. ## Sharing Your Personal Information We share your Personal Information with third parties to help us use your Personal Information, as described above. For example, we use Stripe to power our online store--you can read more about how Stripe uses your Personal Information here: {rel=""nofollow""}. We also use Google Analytics to help us understand how our customers use the Site--you can read more about how Google uses your Personal Information here: {rel=""nofollow""}. You can also opt-out of Google Analytics here: {rel=""nofollow""}. Finally, we may also share your Personal Information to comply with applicable laws and regulations, to respond to a subpoena, search warrant or other lawful request for information we receive, or to otherwise protect our rights. ## Behavioral Advertising As described above, we use your Personal Information to provide you with targeted advertisements or marketing communications we believe may be of interest to you. For more information about how targeted advertising works, you can visit the Network Advertising Initiative’s (“NAI”) educational [page](https://thenai.org/self-regulatory-framework/faq/?tab=2){rel=""nofollow""}. You can opt out of some of these services by visiting the Digital Advertising Alliance’s opt-out portal at: {rel=""nofollow""}. ## Do Not Track Please note that we do not alter our Site’s data collection and use practices when we see a Do Not Track signal from your browser. ## Your Rights If you are a European resident, you have the right to access personal information we hold about you and to ask that your personal information be corrected, updated, or deleted. If you would like to exercise this right, please contact us through the contact information below. Additionally, if you are a European resident we note that we are processing your information in order to fulfill contracts we might have with you (for example if you make an order through the Site), or otherwise to pursue our legitimate business interests listed above. Additionally, please note that your information will be transferred outside of Europe, including to Canada and the United States. ## Data Retention When you place an order through the Site, we will maintain your Order Information for our records unless and until you ask us to delete this information. ## Minors The Site is not intended for individuals under the age of 18. ## Changes We may update this privacy policy from time to time in order to reflect, for example, changes to our practices or for other operational, legal or regulatory reasons. ## Contact Us For more information about our privacy practices, if you have questions, or if you would like to make a complaint, please contact us by e-mail at or by mail using the details provided below: 2932 Golf Course Drive, Ventura, CA, 93003, United States # Refund Policy Your satisfaction is our priority. If you have any issues with your parts or aren't 100% satisfied, just email and we'll work together to find the best solution. ## Refunds and Replacements We're human, and sometimes we make mistakes. Whether it's an out-of-spec part or you're not happy with the quality, we'll make things right. This might include: - Replacement parts (we'll expedite production to get them to you ASAP) - A partial refund - In some cases, a full refund Just reach out to or use our live chat with your order number, and we'll take care of you! ## Made an Ordering Error? We've Got You Even if you made a mistake when ordering (wrong size, material, or specifications), don't worry! We understand it happens. While we can't offer full refunds for customer errors, we'll work with you to get replacement parts made at a discounted price. Just let us know what happened and we'll help you out. ## Shipping Damage If your parts arrive damaged during shipping: 1. Email with your order number 2. Include photos of the damage 3. We'll quickly determine the best solution For parts damaged beyond repair, we'll expedite replacements at no cost to you. ## Returns Good news, in most cases, you won't need to ship anything back to us! - For out-of-spec parts or items damaged beyond repair, we'll simply ask you to recycle them locally - Occasionally, we may request parts back to help us learn and improve (we'll provide a prepaid shipping label for UPS or FedEx) # Sponsorship Info ## Do I Qualify? Fabworks sponsors educational and competitive programs of all types, including but not limited to: - FIRST Robotics Competition - FIRST Tech Challenge - Formula SAE - BattleBots - Rival Robotics ## About the Program As a Fabworks Sponsored team, your program will receive exclusive benefits and opportunities to enhance your engineering journey. From priority laser cutting services to unique partner codes and social media shoutouts, our sponsorship is designed to empower and recognize groups that are dedicated to excellence and innovation. We believe in fostering a strong community of Fabworks Sponsored Programs who can inspire and support each other in their technical endeavors. By joining the Fabworks Sponsorship Program, you will become part of a network of like-minded groups, collaborating and sharing ideas to elevate the overall STEM experience. ## Application Process To apply for the Fabworks sponsorship, please complete the online application form. We encourage all eligible programs to apply, as we do not set a limit on the number of programs accepted into the sponsorship. Each application will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, ensuring a fair and thorough review process. ::apply ## Terms and Conditions [Terms →](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/partnerships/sponsorshipterms) By participating in the Fabworks sponsorship, organizations agree to adhere to the terms and conditions outlined in the agreement. Please review the Terms and Agreement for detailed information on the duration of the sponsorship, Partner Code usage, benefits, compliance requirements, and termination policies. If you have any questions or need further assistance, please don't hesitate to contact us at :: # Sponsorship Terms By applying for the Fabworks sponsorship , you agree to the following terms and conditions: ## Duration of Sponsorship The sponsorship provided by Fabworks is valid for a period of one year, starting from the date of acceptance into the sponsorship. After the one-year period, teams must reapply for sponsorship. ## Application Evaluation Each application will be reviewed and evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Fabworks reserves the right to accept or reject applications at its discretion. ## Compliance with sponsorship Requirements By accepting the sponsorship, your team agrees to fulfill any requirements outlined in the sponsorship description, our team will reach out to you to discuss the details of the sponsorship. ## Proper Use of Fabworks Credit Any Fabworks credit received as part of the sponsorship should be used for the benefit of your sponsored program. Fabworks reserves the right to specify any restrictions or limitations on the usage of Fabworks credit. ## Marketing and Social Media The sponsored team grants Fabworks the right to use public photographs, videos, and technical documentation of their robot/project in Fabworks' marketing materials, including but not limited to: - Website and social media content - Promotional materials and presentations - Press releases and case studies - Educational and training materials ## Termination Fabworks reserves the right to terminate the sponsorship agreement at any time, with or without cause. In case of termination, any unused Fabworks credit will be forfeited. By submitting the application, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agreed to the terms and conditions outlined above. # Affiliate Info ## About the Program The Fabworks Affiliate Program is designed to empower passionate individuals who create engaging content and have a strong following on platforms like YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and more. As an affiliate, you will have the chance to collaborate with Fabworks and promote our high-quality products to your audience. ## How It Works 1. Sign up: Apply for the Fabworks Affiliate Program by filling out our online application form. We will review your application and notify you of the status. 2. Unique Affiliate Link: Once accepted into the program, you will receive a unique affiliate link. Share this link with your audience to drive traffic to Fabworks' website. 3. Earn Commission: Whenever someone makes a purchase on Fabworks' website using your affiliate link, you will earn a commission on the sale. 4. Audience Benefits: By using your affiliate link, your audience will receive a special discount on their purchases, creating a win-win situation for everyone. 5. Track Your Progress: Access a personalized affiliate dashboard to track your earnings, monitor clicks, and measure the success of your promotional efforts. ## Benefits of Joining - Commission Earnings: Earn a competitive commission for each sale made through your affiliate link. The more sales you generate, the more you earn! - Exclusive Discounts: Receive special discounts and promotional offers exclusively available to Fabworks affiliates, allowing you to enjoy our products at discounted prices. - Support and Resources: Gain access to a dedicated affiliate support team that will assist you with any questions or concerns you may have. We'll provide you with resources and creative assets to help optimize your promotions. - Priority Laser Cutting Service: We will rush your project parts at the door in record time, taking priority in our order que. - Recognition and Exposure: As a Fabworks affiliate, you will be featured on our website and social media platforms, giving you increased visibility and recognition within our community. ## Join the Fabworks Affiliate Program If you're passionate about making, love our products, and have an engaged audience on YouTube or social media, we invite you to join the Fabworks Affiliate Program. Together, we can inspire and empower others to embrace the world of engineering and experience the quality and innovation that Fabworks offers. Send us an email at if your interested in joining our affiliate program. [Terms →](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/partnerships/affiliateterms) # Affiliate Terms By participating in the Fabworks Affiliate Program, you agree to the following terms and conditions: ## Eligibility To be eligible for the Fabworks Affiliate Program, you must be at least 18 years old and have an active presence on YouTube or other social media platforms. We reserve the right to accept or reject any application at our discretion. ## Affiliate Link Upon acceptance into the program, you will receive a unique affiliate link. This link is for promotional use only and should not be used for personal purchases. You are responsible for sharing the correct affiliate link with your audience. ## Commission Structure As an affiliate, you will earn a commission on qualifying purchases made through your affiliate link. The commission percentage will be communicated to you upon acceptance into the program. Please note that commission rates are subject to change, and you will be notified of any modifications in advance. ## Payouts and Payment Commissions will be paid out on a monthly basis via a preferred payment method specified during the application process. A minimum payout threshold may apply, and you will be responsible for any transaction fees associated with the payment. ## Code of Conduct As a Fabworks affiliate, you are expected to represent our brand with professionalism and integrity. You must not engage in any activity that may damage the reputation of Fabworks or violate any applicable laws or regulations. We reserve the right to terminate your affiliate status if any such violations occur. ## Promotional Guidelines When promoting Fabworks products, you must comply with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) guidelines and disclose your affiliate relationship clearly and prominently. Misleading or deceptive promotional practices are strictly prohibited. ## Intellectual Property All intellectual property rights, including trademarks, logos, and content, provided by Fabworks for promotional purposes, are the property of Fabworks. You may only use these materials as authorized by Fabworks and for the sole purpose of promoting Fabworks products. ## Program Modification and Termination Fabworks reserves the right to modify or terminate the Affiliate Program at any time, for any reason, without prior notice. In the event of termination, all outstanding commissions will be paid out based on the terms in effect at the time of termination. ## Agreement Acceptance By participating in the Fabworks Affiliate Program, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agreed to these terms and conditions. Please note that these terms and conditions are subject to change. You will be notified of any updates, and it is your responsibility to review and comply with the most recent version. # The Benefits of Countersinking in Metal Fabrication Countersinking is a game-changer in metal fabrication. It’s all about creating a conical hole that lets fasteners like screws and bolts sit flush with the surface. How’s this done? By enlarging the top part of a pre-drilled hole using a countersinking bit. Why bother with countersinking? Simple. You get a smooth finish and increased accuracy. No more annoying protruding fastener heads. This is key for various applications. - **Electronics Enclosures**: Keeps the surface clean and snag-free. - **Casings**: Ensures a sleek, finished look. - **Machine Components**: Provides accurate, secure assemblies. Countersinking isn’t just about aesthetics, though. It’s crucial for ensuring your parts fit together perfectly and function as intended. Whether you’re working on prototypes or production, understanding countersinking can make a huge difference in the quality and performance of your projects. ![countersunk part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/benefits-countersinking/benefits-countersinking-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Key Benefits of Countersinking - **Enhanced Appearance:** Creates a clean, professional look, by embedding the fastener into the surface of the plate. - **Increased Durability:** Shields fasteners from damage. With fasteners tucked into the material surface it prevents damage to the fastener heads. - **Structural Integrity:** Maintains tight component assembly. Having a sloped surface also provides a greater surface area making contact with the bolt head lowering the chances of self-loosening. - **High Precision:** Guarantees exact fitment and quality. Because of the conic shape, countersunk fasteners are self aligning, which means they naturally try and put themselves to the middle of the hole. This can either be a benefit or a drawback. If your design requires higher hole tolerance countersunk fasteners could be counterproductive, but if your design needs high accuracy when assembled countersinking allows you to align components without having to hold tight hole size tolerances. - **Reliable Results:** Consistent accuracy across all projects. Because of the self centering effect of countersunk fasteners you can ensure consistent assembly between parts without spending time on extra alignment care. ## Drawbacks of Countersinking - **Requires thicker material**: Due to the nature of countersunk fasteners you can only use them with thicker materials depending on the bolt size. If you are trying to use a fastener larger than the material thickness can support you end up expanding the original hole size, causing assembly issues. - **Increased manufacturing time**: Manually countersinking dozens of holes on dozens of parts can increase production time a decent amount. If production times are a concern we offer rapid turnaround, helping you meet tight deadlines without compromising quality. By integrating countersinking with our other services like tapping and laser cutting, we streamline fabrication for maximum efficiency. Learn more about our specialized [sheet metal countersinking services](https://www.fabworks.com/services/countersinking) to see how we can meet your project needs. ## Choosing the Right Countersink Angle The angle of your countersink can significantly impact the performance and appearance of your finished product. Here's a quick guide to help you choose: **82° Angle**: The most common choice for general-purpose applications with imperial fasteners. It works well with standard countersunk bolts and provides a good balance between holding power and aesthetics. **90° Angle**: Very similar to 82°, but usually found in metric fasteners instead of imperial. **100° Angle**: Provides a shallower countersink, which can be beneficial in thinner materials or where you want to minimize material removal. **120° Angle**: Used for specific applications like aircraft manufacturing, usually with countersunk rivets. ::warning Remember, matching your countersink angle to your screw head angle ensures optimal contact and load distribution. :: ## Summary Countersinking is a vital technique in metal fabrication, creating conical holes to allow fasteners like screws and bolts to sit flush with the surface. This process not only enhances the appearance of products by providing a smooth finish but also improves structural stability, durability, and precision. It's commonly used in applications like electronics enclosures, furniture, and machine components where a clean, professional look and reliable fitment are essential. However, countersinking requires thicker materials and can increase production time. Despite these challenges, its benefits in improving product quality and performance make it a valuable technique in many projects. # How to Pick the Best Material for your Laser Cut Project Making the correct choice of materials is a crucial part of the design process. The materials that a part is made from affect its appearance, performance, lifespan, and most importantly, cost. Materials also have an impact in other areas as well, such as recyclability. When it comes to choosing between metals, some of the most important things to consider are strength, weight, hardness, resistance to corrosion, and cost. Different metals offer a different range of qualities, and it’s important to look at things carefully. Fiber laser cutting works well with metals. While there may be some differences in terms of production efficiency between different metals, all the metals discussed in this article can be cut with a laser cutter. They’re also available through [Fabworks’ laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). ## Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a versatile metal that excels in strength and corrosion resistance. These qualities of strength and corrosion resistance are achieved by adding chromium to the standard iron-carbon alloy found in mild steel. Stainless steel also offers good weldability and formability, and it responds well to processes such as brazing, polishing, and buffing. In addition to this, stainless steel is also very hard, resisting surface damage through impact. The main disadvantage of stainless steel is its weight and higher cost. Welding and some other manufacturing processes can also be more difficult than with other materials. Stainless steel is well suited to laser cutting. Laser-cut stainless steel parts have a smooth finish that doesn’t necessarily require any extra finishing processes. ![laser cut stainless steel part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting/best-metals-for-laser-cutting-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full} ## Applications for Laser Cut Stainless Steel The versatility that stainless steel offers makes it suitable for a number of applications, and this metal is found in almost any product type. However, its strength and corrosion resistance make it particularly well suited to: - Corrosive environments - High-stress applications Industries that often use stainless steel are the aerospace, automotive, construction, cookware, and medical industries. Products that are often made of stainless steel are: - Cookware and kitchen products - Airplane parts requiring high levels of strength - Roofing and cladding - Products in the marine environment - Vehicle parts - Agricultural equipment At Fabworks, we offer [304-2B stainless steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/stainless-steel) that gives great strength, resilience, and corrosion resistance while being easily machined and formed. ## Aluminum Aluminum is another versatile metal. It’s best known, however, for its low cost, durability, and light weight and also for being easy to form and machine. In addition to these qualities, aluminum also offers good thermal and electrical conductivity. Where additional corrosion resistance is required, aluminum can also be anodized. Through anodization, an oxide layer is formed on the surface, protecting the material from corrosion. The main disadvantages of aluminum are its low mechanical strength and lower levels of corrosion resistance compared to other metals. Although the reflectiveness of aluminum sometimes causes issues with laser cutting, it generally cuts very well under a laser cutter. ![laser cut aluminum part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting/best-metals-for-laser-cutting-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full} ## Applications for Laser Cut Aluminum Aluminum is a versatile metal, and it can be found in a very wide range of products. However, it excels in being: - Light weight - Low Cost Industries that often use aluminum are the automotive, electrical, aerospace, chemical, construction, and cookware industries. Some common applications of aluminum are:: - Airplane parts - Automotive parts - Food packaging - Electrical casings and electrical products - Construction equipment At Fabworks, we offer 5052-H32, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6 aluminum. Here’s a quick rundown of the different qualities of these alloys: - 5052 - Highly bendable - 6061 - Increased strength, and unbendable - 7075 - Strongest in strength, and unbendable For more detailed information you can look at our [aluminum material page](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). ## Mild Steel Mild steel is a cost-effective metal that has a high level of strength and hardness. It’s well suited to applications where corrosion and aesthetics are not an issue. Mild steel is formed from a simple alloy of iron and carbon. There are three main types, and these are hot-rolled steel, cold-rolled steel, and hot-rolled pickled and oiled steel. To produce cold-rolled and hot-rolled pickled and oiled steel, basic hot-rolled steel is subjected to additional processing. As well as being high-strength and hard, mild steel can also be machined and formed easily in production. It is also very weldable and can be given finishes to improve its aesthetics. The main disadvantages of mild steel are its weight, and low resistance to corrosion. ![laser cut mild steel part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting/best-metals-for-laser-cutting-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full} ## Applications for Laser Cut Mild Steel Mild steel can be found in many applications, and it excels in applications where: - Strength and hardness are needed - Aesthetics are less important - Costs need to be reduced It is also often found in applications where corrosion is less of an issue. It is possible to finish mild steel, however, to provide corrosion resistance. Industries that commonly use mild steel are the construction, automotive, agricultural, furniture, and home appliance industries. Products that are often made of mild steel are: - Construction beams - Vehicle frames - Desks and office equipment - Kitchen appliances - Lighting products At Fabworks, we offer 1008 cold-rolled steel and A36 hot-rolled pickled and oiled steel. Find out more about what both of these alloys offer on our [steel material page](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/steel). ## Copper Copper offers great aesthetic appeal but also has physical properties that make it well-suited to certain applications. Copper is electrically conductive and corrosion resistant, and these properties make it excel in outdoor applications and when electrical conductivity is needed. Copper can be used for architectural features or garden equipment, for example. Otherwise, it may simply be used to provide an electrical connection. As well as being electrically conductive and corrosion resistant, copper is also hard-wearing and malleable. In addition to the qualities mentioned, copper is also anti-microbial, making it useful in kitchenware applications. **Copper is not available through the standard Fabworks interface, it is only available via custom quote.** ![laser cut copper part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting/best-metals-for-laser-cutting-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full} ## Brass Brass is formed from an alloy of copper and zinc. The zinc is added to enhance the strength and ductility of the material and also to reduce its friction point. The increased strength of brass makes it suited to applications where it will be put under stress. As with copper, brass can be used for architectural features and ornaments. It can also be used, however, for applications such as hinges, doorknobs, or musical instruments, where it is subject to stress while also needing to look good. Brass is also malleable and easily formed and machined in production. It is also weldable and easily soldered. **Brass is not available through the standard Fabworks interface, it is only available via custom quote.** ![laser cut brass part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting/best-metals-for-laser-cutting-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full} ## Summary Different metals offer different qualities, and it’s important to make sure you use the right metal for your part. Take your time to read through the information we’ve provided in this post carefully. For more information, you can also visit our [aluminum material page](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). ## Fabworks If you want to find out how much it will cost to produce a product or part you already have designs for, you can upload your designs to Fabworks and get an instant quote. We’d also be happy to discuss your choice of metal for your laser-cut parts with you. Get in touch with us here. # Enhance your parts using Captive Nuts! There are countless ways to assemble laser cut sheet metal parts together, some requiring requiring expensive tools, or are just impossible in thicker material. By integrating captive nuts into your parts you can super easily attach two parts together at a 90 degree angle. This method of fastening is well suited to thicker materials, since you will have a harder time getting a nut to rest on the edge of a thinner sheet metal. We recommend a material thickness of at least 1/8" to use captive nuts. ## What are Captive Nuts? A captive nut is simply a nut held in place by the part itself. This simplifies assembly by removing the need to hold the nut using another method. This method of fastening is similar to tapping the side of a plate, but simpler to execute. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/captive-nut-guide/captive-nut-guide-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/captive-nut-guide/captive-nut-guide-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} :: ## Why use Captive Nuts? Captive nuts are great for hobby projects because it doesn't add any production cost to your parts. By simply adding the features to your existing plates, you are able to fasten them together. No need to pay for tapping, bending, or PEM hardware. For larger production runs, captive nuts might not be ideal, due to a captive nut assembly likely taking longer to assemble than something made with PEM hardware, or bent. ## How to design for Captive Nuts Captive nuts are super easy to design, you just need a simple slot through your part for the bolt to go through and a square hole to fit the nut. It is very important to tolerance your features, to properly fit the hardware you are using. We recommend an overall add of 0.01" for 1/4" material and 0.005" for 1/8" material, to ensure your parts fit together properly when using the [Fabworks Laser Cutting Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) ![captive nut side profile](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/captive-nut-guide/captive-nut-guide-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto} While not strictly required, we recommend adding box joints to your captive nut designs to increase the strength of the connection, especially when this connection is not on the edge of a part. This can also during assembly, and reduces the number of fasteners needed to fully constrain the part. ![laser cut box joint](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/captive-nut-guide/captive-nut-guide-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto} ## Summary Captive nuts offer a simple and cost-effective method for assembling laser cut sheet metal parts, especially for hobby projects and prototypes. Key points to remember: - Captive nuts are nuts held in place by the part itself, simplifying assembly - Best suited for thicker materials (1/8" or greater) - Advantages include low cost, easy design, and no need for special tools or processes - Proper tolerancing is crucial for a good fit (add 0.01" for 1/4" material, 0.0075" for 1/8" material) - Consider adding box joints to increase connection strength and simplify assembly - While great for small-scale projects, may not be ideal for large production runs due to assembly time By incorporating captive nuts into your designs, you can create sturdy, easy-to-assemble sheet metal parts without the need for additional fabrication processes. This method is particularly well-suited for projects where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are priorities. # Essential Checks Before Ordering Sheet Metal Parts Before submitting your order for laser cut and bent sheet metal parts, it's crucial to review your design for common issues that could affect manufacturability or part quality. This guide will help you catch and correct potential problems, ensuring smoother production and better results. ## Check Flange Lengths One of the most frequent issues in sheet metal design is insufficient flange length. Short flanges can lead to difficulties in bending and reduced structural integrity. - Check all flanges against the minimum length requirements for your chosen material and thickness. Refer to [Fabworks' bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) for specific measurements. - Pay extra attention to small tabs or narrow sections that may be challenging to bend properly. Here is a diagram of how to properly measure the length of a flange. Notice how a sharper bend will reduce the usable flat area on the flange. ![Flange Length Measurement](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering/checks-before-ordering-1.webp){style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Feature Proximity to Bends Features placed too close to bend lines can become distorted during the bending process, affecting both aesthetics and functionality. - Review the placement of holes, slots, and other features near bend lines. - Ensure all critical features fall outside the distortion zone for your material thickness. Consult [Fabworks' bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) for precise distortion zone measurements. - If a feature must be close to a bend, consider adding relief cuts or adjusting the design to accommodate potential distortion. This part is made from 0.125" Thick 5052-H32 Aluminum which calls out for a distortion zone of 0.4". This distortion is measured from the bend line in the direction of the feature. In this case you can see that the hole is outside of this 0.4" zone meaning it will not be deformed by the bend. Non critical features can enter this zone slightly, just be aware that they will be deformed by the bending process relative to how close they are to the bend. ![Feature too close to bend](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering/checks-before-ordering-2.webp){style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Tolerance Considerations Accumulated tolerances across multiple bends can lead to significant deviations in final part dimensions. - Be aware that each bend introduces some dimensional variability. Fabworks maintains tight tolerances (+/- 0.015" for length and +/- 1 degree for angles) per bend, but these can add up in complex parts. - For parts with multiple bends, consider designing with slightly looser tolerances where possible to accommodate potential variations. - If precise alignment is critical, consider incorporating adjustment features or slots instead of relying solely on bend accuracy. Below is a representation of how tolerance stackup can change the shape of a part. **The tolerance has been scaled up to 10x its actual value for visualization purposes.** The main thing to notice is how after each subsequent bent the part gets further and further from its expected shape. Sheet metal, particularly thinner gauges and larger parts, possess a degree of elastic deformability. This property can sometimes be advantageous in achieving proper fitment, especially when dealing with minor dimensional discrepancies. However, it's important to note that relying on this flexibility should not be used in precision parts, and flexibility should be modeled into the part. ![tolerance demo](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering/checks-before-ordering-3.webp){style="display: block; margin: 0 auto" width="75%"} ## Correctly Modeled Bend Radius Using the wrong bend radius in your CAD model can result in unexpected part dimensions after bending. - Ensure all bends in your model use Fabworks' standard bend radii. - Double-check that this radius is consistent across all bends in your part. - Remember the actual produced part may have slight variations due to material properties and tooling. ::note If bend radius is incorrectly modeled the dimensionality of the part will still match the model, but the difference in bend radius could cause interference in assembly. :: ## Reverse Bend Ratio Reverse bends (two bends in opposite directions close together) require careful consideration to avoid material failure or tooling issues. - Review any areas with closely spaced opposing bends. - Ensure these sections meet Fabworks' minimum ratio guidelines: - For small reverse bends (< 3" long): Maintain a 3:1:1 ratio - For larger reverse bends (> 3" long): Maintain a 4:2:1 ratio - If your design doesn't meet these ratios, consider adjusting the part geometry or splitting it into separate components. For methods of joining those two pieces back together check out our [blog post on joining techniques.](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/joining-techniques) ![Ubends](https://www.fabworks.com/ubend.webp){style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Material Thickness Incorrect material thickness in your model can lead to unexpected results, especially in bent areas. For available materials, thicknesses, and thickness tolerances, start with the [Fabworks sheet material resources](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). - Verify that your CAD model uses the exact thickness of the material you're ordering. - Pay special attention if you've modified a pre-existing design, as it's easy to overlook thickness changes. - Remember that nominal thicknesses (e.g., 1/16") may not match exact decimal values (0.0625"). Use precise measurements in your model. ::warning If material thickness is not modeled accurately there is no guarantee on which side of the material that thickness difference ends up. While in most cases this difference is minor, in special cases this could lead to fitment issues in the final assembly. :: ## Avoid Modeling Certain Features Some features should not be modeled in your CAD file, as they're better specified during the quoting process. Modeling these features can lead to errors with the file upload. - Do not model countersinks, or threads in your STEP file. - Instead, export a clean model and specify these features when configuring your quote in Fabworks. - This approach ensures proper sizing and application of these features during manufacturing. Additionally if you plan on counterboring, or adding other partial-depth features to your parts after receiving your order, do not include them in the model you send in, as it will error out in the file upload. ::warning If you are experiencing file upload issues please reach out to Fabworks support. :: ![issue caused by countersink](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering/checks-before-ordering-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Final Thoughts By carefully reviewing your designs with these points in mind, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of manufacturing issues and ensure your parts meet your expectations. If you're unsure about any aspect of your design, don't hesitate to reach out to Fabworks' support team. They can provide guidance and help you optimize your parts for successful production. Remember, a little extra time spent on design review can save considerable time and resources in the long run, resulting in higher quality parts and more efficient production. # Mild Steel vs Stainless Steel When it comes to selecting the ideal metal for your project, two popular options often come to mind: mild steel and stainless steel. Both materials have their unique properties and advantages, making them suitable for different applications. In this post, we'll explore the key differences between mild steel and stainless steel to help you make an informed decision for your next project. ## Composition and Properties Mild steel, also known as low-carbon steel, is primarily composed of iron and a small percentage of carbon (typically less than 0.3%). This composition gives mild steel its characteristic strength and formability. At Fabworks, we offer two types of mild steel: 1. 1008 Cold-Rolled Steel: Known for its smooth surface finish and tight tolerances. 2. A36 Hot-Rolled Pickled and Oiled (HRPO) Steel: Offers a balance of strength and workability. Stainless steel, on the other hand, contains a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which forms a protective layer of chromium oxide on the surface. This layer gives stainless steel its renowned corrosion resistance. At Fabworks, we provide 304-2B stainless steel, a versatile and widely used grade. ![mild steel laser cut parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/comparing-mild-stainless/comparing-mild-stainless-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Corrosion Resistance One of the most significant differences between mild steel and stainless steel is their corrosion resistance. Mild steel is prone to rusting when exposed to moisture and air, requiring additional protective coatings or regular maintenance to prevent corrosion. Stainless steel, thanks to its chromium content, forms a self-healing protective layer that makes it highly resistant to corrosion and rust. This property makes stainless steel an excellent choice for applications in harsh environments or where hygiene is crucial, such as food processing equipment or outdoor installations. ## Strength and Durability Both mild steel and stainless steel offer good strength and durability, but they excel in different areas. Mild steel typically has a higher tensile strength and is more easily machined, making it suitable for structural applications and general fabrication work. Stainless steel, while generally not as strong as mild steel, offers better durability in corrosive environments. It also maintains its strength at high temperatures, making it ideal for applications involving heat exposure. ## Cost Considerations When it comes to cost, mild steel is generally less expensive than stainless steel. This makes mild steel an attractive option for large-scale projects or applications where corrosion resistance isn't a primary concern. However, it's important to consider long-term costs, including maintenance and potential replacement, when making your decision. Stainless steel, while initially more expensive, often proves cost-effective in the long run due to its longevity and low maintenance requirements, especially in challenging environments. ![mild steel laser cut parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/comparing-mild-stainless/comparing-mild-stainless-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Fabrication and Welding Both mild steel and stainless steel can be easily fabricated and welded, but there are some differences to consider. Mild steel is generally easier to weld and work with, making it a popular choice for structural applications and general fabrication. Stainless steel requires more skill to weld properly, as it's more susceptible to warping and distortion due to heat. However, with proper techniques, stainless steel can be welded to create strong, corrosion-resistant joints. At Fabworks, our [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) can precisely cut both mild steel and stainless steel to your specifications. Our state-of-the-art equipment ensures high-quality cuts with tight tolerances, regardless of the material you choose. ## Applications ### Mild steel is used for: - Construction and structural components - Automotive parts - General machinery and equipment - Furniture and fixtures ### Stainless steel is used for: - Food processing equipment - Medical devices - Marine applications - Architectural features - Chemical processing equipment ## How to choose the right material for your project Choosing between mild steel and stainless steel depends on various factors, including your project's specific requirements, budget, and intended environment. Consider the following questions: 1. Will the component be exposed to moisture or corrosive elements? 2. Is strength or weight a primary concern? 3. What is your budget for both initial costs and long-term maintenance? 4. Are there any specific industry regulations or standards to meet? At Fabworks, we understand that material selection is crucial to the success of your project. Our team of experts is always ready to help you choose the right material and provide high-quality laser cutting, bending, and finishing services to bring your designs to life. Whether you opt for the cost-effectiveness of mild steel or the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, we have the capabilities to meet your needs. Remember, the best material choice is one that balances performance, cost, and longevity for your specific application. By carefully considering the properties of mild steel and stainless steel, you can ensure that your project starts with the right foundation. # Comprehensive Guide to Stainless Steel ## Composition and Properties At its core, stainless steel is an alloy of iron with a minimum of 10.5% chromium. This chromium content is crucial as it forms a protective layer of chromium oxide on the surface when exposed to oxygen, giving stainless steel its signature corrosion resistance. Other elements like nickel, molybdenum, titanium, and copper are often added to enhance specific properties. Stainless steel's key properties include corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and aesthetic appeal. It maintains its strength at high temperatures and in extreme environments, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. The material is also known for its hygiene benefits, as its non-porous surface is easy to clean and resistant to bacterial growth. ## Types of Stainless Steel There are several types of stainless steel, each with unique properties suited for different applications. The most common types include: **Austenitic Stainless Steel**: This is the most widely used type, known for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability. It's non-magnetic and contains high levels of chromium and nickel. The 300 series, including the popular 304 and 316 grades, falls into this category. **Ferritic Stainless Steel**: Containing only chromium, this type is magnetic and less expensive than austenitic varieties. It offers good corrosion resistance and is often used in automotive and kitchen appliances. **Martensitic Stainless Steel**: This type can be hardened through heat treatment, making it suitable for applications requiring high strength and moderate corrosion resistance, such as knife blades and surgical instruments. **Duplex Stainless Steel**: Combining properties of austenitic and ferritic steels, duplex stainless steel offers high strength and good corrosion resistance, making it ideal for chemical processing equipment and offshore oil rigs. At Fabworks, we offer laser cutting services for 304-2B stainless steel, a popular choice for its excellent balance of properties. This grade is weldable, formable, and resistant to oxidation, making it suitable for a wide range of applications from food service equipment to architectural elements. ![sheet of stainless steel](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/comprehensive-guide-stainless/comprehensive-guide-stainless-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Applications Stainless steel's versatility makes it valuable across numerous industries. In the food and beverage industry, it's used for cooking utensils, food processing equipment, and commercial kitchen fixtures due to its hygienic properties and corrosion resistance. The medical field relies on stainless steel for surgical instruments, implants, and hospital equipment, benefiting from its sterility and durability. In architecture and construction, stainless steel is used for both structural and decorative purposes, from building facades to handrails and elevator interiors. Stainless steel is also crucial in chemical and petrochemical industries, where its corrosion resistance is essential for handling various chemicals and processes. In transportation, it's used in the automotive industry for exhaust systems and in the aerospace sector for aircraft components. ## Fabrication and Processing Stainless steel can be fabricated using various methods, including welding, machining, and forming. However, laser cutting has emerged as a preferred method for many applications due to its precision and versatility. Fabworks' [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) for stainless steel allows for intricate designs and tight tolerances, making it ideal for both prototype and production runs. When it comes to finishing, stainless steel offers numerous options. It can be polished to a mirror-like shine, brushed for a matte finish, or even colored through various processes. The choice of finish can significantly impact both the appearance and performance of the final product. ## Advantages and Considerations The primary advantages of stainless steel include its corrosion resistance, durability, and low maintenance requirements. It's recyclable, making it an environmentally friendly choice. The material's aesthetic appeal and long lifespan often make it a cost-effective option despite higher initial costs compared to some alternatives. However, there are considerations to keep in mind. Stainless steel can be more expensive than other materials, and certain grades may be susceptible to specific types of corrosion in extreme environments. Proper selection of the right grade for each application is crucial to ensure optimal performance. ## Summary Stainless steel continues to be a material of choice across various industries due to its unique combination of properties. As technology advances, new grades and applications of stainless steel are being developed, ensuring its relevance in the future of manufacturing and engineering. Understanding the properties and types of stainless steel is key to harnessing its full potential in any project or application. Whether you're considering stainless steel for a new project or looking to optimize an existing design, understanding its properties and capabilities is crucial. Fabworks' expertise in laser cutting stainless steel can help bring your designs to life with precision and efficiency, ensuring your project leverages all the benefits this remarkable material has to offer. # Guide to Designing Parts for Tapping ## Understanding Tapping in Sheet Metal Tapping is a core technique in sheet metal fabrication. It creates internal threads in laser cut holes, allowing screws and bolts to fit snugly. This ensures mechanical integrity and functionality, making it a go-to method for assembling various products. ## Why does tapping matter? - **Mechanical Integrity**: Secure attachment of components. - **Design Flexibility**: Customizable for different applications. - **Durability**: Enhanced longevity of assembled parts. The process starts with a laser cut hole, which is then threaded to accommodate fasteners, there are many factors to consider during this process. - **Laser Cut Holes**: The starting point for threading. - **Thread Size and Pitch**: Tailored to material and application. - **Material Type**: Different metals require different approaches. Understanding these basics can set you on the right path. Whether you're working on prototypes or full-scale production, mastering tapping can make all the difference in your project's success. ## Best Practices for Designing Tapped Parts Designing parts for tapping is very. Here’s how to get it right. Start with **clearance holes**. These are essential for accommodating the threaded part. Make sure the hole size matches the screw or bolt. For more detailed guidelines on tapping, you can refer to our comprehensive [tapping guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/tapping). Hole size refers to size the hole should be before tapping. Outer diameter is how far out into the material the threads are reaching. If you are configuring your parts for tapping through the [Fabworks Tapping Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping) your hole sizes will be automatically resized for the proper tap. - **Hole Size**: Ensure it’s matches the tap chart specified size for the tap size you are using. - **Thread Engagement**: Aim for 75-80% of the material thickness worth of engagement for strength. - **Material Thickness**: Acceptable thickness will depend on the material and tap size, but generally tapping thinner than 1/8" metal is not recommended for all but light load. **Thread engagement percentage**. This impacts how well your screw or bolt holds. Too little engagement, and the connection’s weak. - **Optimal Engagement**: 75-80% is ideal. - **Material Consideration**: Adjust based on material strength. Softer materials might need more engagement. Following these tips will help you design parts that hold up, ensuring strong and reliable connections. Aluminum is soft and needs careful handling to avoid thread stripping. Steel, being harder, can handle tighter tolerances. Plastics might require heat-set inserts for durability. - **Aluminum**: Soft, needs careful handling. - **Steel**: Hard, can handle tight tolerances. - **Plastics**: May need inserts for durability. By understanding these variables, you can design parts that meet your project’s needs. For more detailed information on the importance of hardware insertion in sheet metal fabrication, check out our [Hardware Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware). Get the placement right, and you’ll have parts that are both strong and reliable. ![Tapped Laser Cut Part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/designing-for-tapping/designing-for-tapping-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Key Takeaways for Designing Tapped Parts First, **understand the tapping process**. Tapping creates internal threads in pre-cut holes, allowing screws and bolts to fit snugly. This boosts mechanical integrity and functionality. Accurate hole specifications are important to ensure proper threads. These depend on material type, thread size, and pitch. - **Mechanical Integrity**: Ensures secure attachment. - **Thread Size and Pitch**: Must match material and application. - **Material Type**: Different metals might different taps. When designing for tapping, focus on **clearance holes** and **thread engagement**. Clearance holes should be the proper size, and aim for 75-80% thread engagement for strength. - **Clearance Holes**: Sized from a tapping chart for the tap you are using. - **Optimal Engagement**: 75-80% for strength. **Material selection** is key. Each material—be it aluminum, steel, or plastic—has different properties that affect how you should approach tapping. Aluminum needs careful handling to avoid thread stripping, while steel can handle tighter tolerances. - **Aluminum**: Soft, handle carefully. - **Steel**: Hard, allows tight tolerances. - **Plastics**: May need inserts for durability. By keeping these guidelines in mind, you’ll design parts that are strong, durable, and ready for assembly. # Using Fabworks for FIRST Robotics (FRC/FTC) ## Why Fabworks for FIRST teams? On-demand fabrication lets teams ship out tricky or time-consuming parts and keep in-house time focused on assembly, wiring, programming, and driver practice. Whether you’re a rookie FTC team without a full shop or an established FRC program pushing complex sheet/tube designs, Fabworks can help. **What you gain:** - **Speed:** Order long-lead parts early; keep your machines running on simpler parts. - **Quality:** Clean edges, repeatable hole patterns, accurate bends. - **Time:** Spend scarce student/mentor time on iteration and testing. ## Common Use Cases ### No In-House Fab? No Problem. If you don’t have a CNC router, or yours isn’t large enough for long tubes or big bellypans consider ordering these parts. Upload a STEP, get an instant quote, and receive parts in days. **Great candidates:** - Long 1×1 / 2×1 tubes with precise hole patterns - Large bellypans exceeding your router’s work area - Thick steel ballast plates you can’t cut in-house ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![Laser-cut 2×1 tube with precise hole pattern](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-tube.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![Pocketed aluminum bellypan](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-bellypan.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ### Parallelize Your Build Split your manufacturing and order complex sheet/tube parts through Fabworks while you make spacers, printed parts, and turned shafts in-house. **Tips:** - Finish long-lead sheet/tube parts first so you can order early. - Order extras if a part is unlikely to change and could need spares. ### Ordering Spares Spares save events. If a component is mission-critical, or likely to bend/snap in a collision—order two or three in the same batch. The marginal cost is small compared to the value of uptime. ## Parts That Are Hard (or Slow) to Make In-House ### Large Bellypans with Pocketing Bellypans take forever on small machines, especially with pocketing. Outsourcing yields clean, accurate parts without swallowing a weekend. ![Pocketed bellypan ready for assembly](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-bellypan.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ### Steel Parts Most CNC routers struggle with steel. Outsource heavy ballast or strength-critical parts to laser-cut steel. #### Small-Feature Parts (gears/sprockets/odd profiles) Laser cutting small features is quick and repeatable. Custom gears, sprockets, and odd profiles are common wins. ![Laser-cut gear plate with fine features](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-gear-plate.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} **Design notes:** - Avoid ultra-tiny slots/bridges that may be fragile. - Use fillets rather than knife-edge features where possible. ### 3D-Print Inserts Metal inserts for printed parts can be ordered alongside plates. If a vendor doesn’t carry a certain shape (like **3/8" hex**), design your own and laser-cut them. Add a few extras to each order. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![1/2 in hex steel insert for printed hub](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-12insert.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![3/8 in hex steel insert for printed pulley](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-38insert.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: #### PEM Hardware (Self-Clinching Fasteners) PEM hardware can cut assembly time without sacrificing thread strength. Use where repeated service is expected. ![PEM nuts installed in a gusset](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-pem.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} --- ## Odd Thicknesses You don’t have to stock every sheet thickness. If your design calls for an in-between gauge like 0.090", outsource and avoid sitting on half-used sheets all season. ## Bending Many teams don’t have press brakes. Even basic bends can reduce part count and boost stiffness. **High-impact examples:** - **Simple L-brackets:** Replace multiple plates and fasteners with one bracket. - **Arbitrary-angle brackets:** Set geometry in CAD; let bending hit the angle. - **Larger structural pieces:** U-channels for stiffness; arm links without extra weight. ![Bent aluminum structure increasing stiffness](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-for-first/fabworks-for-first-brace.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} **Design notes:** - Use the specified bend radii and materials for predictable results. - Add bend reliefs at corners to prevent deformation and cracking. - Keep critical holes clear of bend lines per guidelines for each material/thickness. ## Budgeting & Speed - **Parallelize cost and time:** Place the first batch early (drivebase + primary structure), then make simpler parts in-house while it ships. - **Buy days, not just parts:** Extra driver practice usually beats one more redesign cycle. - **Spares strategy:** Order duplicates for high-risk, high-downtime items. ## Sponsorships for Teams Fabworks sponsors educational and competitive programs, including: - FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) - FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC) - Formula SAE - BattleBots - Rival Robotics # Fabworks Order Guide Ordering custom sheet and tube parts should feel predictable: upload the right file, choose the right material and operations, review the quote, and check out with a delivery option that matches your schedule. This guide walks through the full Fabworks order flow and points to the design resources that help you avoid delays. ## Before You Start The smoothest orders start with a clean CAD export and a few design decisions already made. - Export sheet or tube parts as STEP or STP files. STEP gives the quoting engine the best chance to recognize bends, thickness, holes, tube profiles, and 3D geometry correctly. - Do not upload DXF or other 2D drawings. Fabworks cuts from the 3D model, and flat patterns for bent sheet parts are unfolded automatically. - If one STEP file contains multiple sheet or tube parts, Fabworks can split it into individually quoted components. - Model the part at the exact material thickness you plan to order. - Keep your file free of modeled threads. Add tapping in the Fabworks hole operations tool instead. - Countersinks can either be modeled in STEP or added during quoting. If you model them, use one of the supported countersink angles listed in the [countersinking guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking). - If your part has bends, compare the design against the [bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) before uploading. - If your part is square or rectangular tube, leave the natural outside corner radius unmodeled for quicker lead times. If you need help getting a usable STEP file, see the export guides for [Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape) and [Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360). ## 1. Upload Your Part Files Start from the homepage, [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) page, or [quotes](https://www.fabworks.com/quotes) page and drag your STEP files into the upload area. After the first file finishes processing, Fabworks creates a quote and opens the quoting workspace. ![Fabworks upload step](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-order-guide/fabworks-order-guide-1.webp) From there, you can keep adding files, duplicate parts, change quantities, or configure each part individually. Upload all related parts into the same quote when they are going to ship together; that keeps checkout, delivery, and order review much simpler. ## 2. Choose Material and Thickness Material and thickness drive strength, bend behavior, weight, finish options, and price. Fabworks supports a curated set of sheet metals such as [aluminum](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum), [mild steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/steel), and [stainless steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/stainless-steel), plus stocked [aluminum tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/aluminum) and [steel tube](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/tube/steel). Available gauges, tube profiles, thicknesses, and per-material limits are listed on each material page. Choose the exact alloy and thickness you designed around. If the CAD model thickness does not match the selected material thickness, the finished part may not land where you expect, especially near bends, tabs, slots, and assemblies with tight clearances. For sheet laser cutting, the standard part size range is 0.25" x 0.25" up to 96" x 47", with no minimum order quantity. Bent parts are also limited to 80 lbs for press-brake handling. Tube laser parts can be quoted up to 96" finished length, also with no minimum order quantity. ## 3. Configure Bends For STEP uploads, Fabworks can detect sheet metal bends and configure bend direction and angle automatically. Still, it is worth checking every bend in the part preview before ordering. Pay special attention to: - Bend direction, especially when the part has mirrored flanges. - Bend radius and material thickness. - Bend angle, maximum bend length, and whether the material is in the bending range. - Short flanges that may not have enough tooling clearance. - Holes, slots, PEM hardware, and cosmetic features near bend lines. - Reverse bends or tight U-shapes that may need extra clearance. If a bend warning appears, resolve it before checkout or contact support with the quote link. For a deeper preflight list, read [Essential Checks Before Ordering Sheet Metal Parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering). ## 4. Add Hole Operations and Hardware Fabworks hole operations let you add manufacturing steps to detected holes without remodeling your CAD file. Depending on the part geometry and material, you can configure: - [Tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/tapping) for threaded holes. - [PEM hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware), including nuts, studs, standoffs, blind standoffs, flush nuts, and rivnuts. - [Countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking) for flat-head fasteners. You can usually apply an operation to one hole, every matching hole size, or a selected group of holes. Fabworks resizes supported holes for the selected operation where appropriate, but your design still needs enough material around the feature for the operation to work reliably. ::note For threaded features, do not model internal threads in the STEP file. Model the pilot hole or clearance feature, then add tapping or hardware during quote configuration. :: For tube parts, keep holes at least one wall thickness away from tube edges or end cuts. On square tube, place holes on flat faces rather than across the outside corner radius. ## 5. Pick a Finish The standard Fabworks finish is deburred, which removes sharp edges and tabs from laser-cut parts. You can opt out of deburring when speed or lowest cost matters more than edge cleanup, but non-deburred parts may have sharp edges. Fabworks also offers [powder coating](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/powder-coating) in stocked colors and finishes. Powder coating adds a durable colored surface, but it also adds thickness to the part. Account for that buildup on tight slots, tabs, countersinks, mating faces, and masked surfaces. If you need holes or surfaces masked, contact support before placing the order. ![Fabworks part configuration step](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-order-guide/fabworks-order-guide-2.webp) ## 6. Review the Quote Before Checkout Before you place the order, treat the quote page like a final manufacturing checklist. - Confirm every part quantity. - Check material, thickness, finish, and bend configuration. - Review warnings and resolve errors before checkout. - Inspect the 3D preview for orientation, bend direction, countersinks, and hardware placement. - Make sure shipping, billing, and contact details are correct. - Increase quantity where it makes sense; the per-part price often improves when setup costs are spread across more parts. Do not ignore errors just because the part looks correct in the preview. The checkout button is only available when the quote is ready to order, and warnings may still be worth reviewing because they can affect fit, lead time, or finish quality. ## 7. Choose Delivery and Payment At checkout, Fabworks shows delivery options based on the current quote. The available production speeds are Economy, Standard, Priority, and Express. The exact ship date shown during checkout is the date to trust because it includes the selected material, services, finish, order size, and current capacity. Orders ship through FedEx or UPS to all 50 US states and Canada, with LTL freight used for larger orders. Local pickup is also available from Fabworks in Ventura, California. See the [shipping page](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/shipping) for the current carrier and pickup details. Standard checkout accepts credit cards, debit cards, and Stripe Link. Approved business accounts may also use purchase order checkout on qualifying orders; see the [payment terms](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/general/paymentterms) for the current requirements. ![Fabworks checkout step](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-order-guide/fabworks-order-guide-3.webp)*Estimated standard shipping times vary by location. Checkout provides the current shipping estimate for your order.* ## After You Order After checkout, Fabworks turns the approved quote into a production order. You will receive order updates and tracking once the parts ship. If the team finds a manufacturing question that needs your input, they will contact you using the order contact information. For the cleanest experience, keep your quote link handy until the order is complete. It gives support the fastest path to the exact files, materials, quantities, and configuration you approved. ## Quick Order Checklist - Export clean STEP files for 3D sheet or tube parts. - Keep DXF and 2D drawings out of the upload flow. - Match CAD thickness to the material thickness you select. - Confirm part size, tube length, and bend limits against the resource pages. - Review bend direction, flange length, and features near bends. - Add tapping, PEM hardware, countersinks, and powder coating in the quote when needed. - Resolve errors and review warnings before checkout. - Choose the delivery speed shown in checkout, then complete payment or purchase order checkout. Once those boxes are checked, you are ready to order custom sheet metal parts from Fabworks. # The Machines That Make Your Parts Upload a STEP file to Fabworks (need one? see the [Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360) or [Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape) export guide) and the 3D model becomes an instant quote. But the part still has to be made by real machines, in a real shop in Ventura, California. Here is a quick look inside, followed by a tour of that shop: the equipment a part moves through, what each machine can do, and where it fits between an uploaded file and a finished part. :iframe{allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowFullScreen="true" frameBorder="0" height="560" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/z7X-eFnSLYw" style="display: block; margin: 0 auto" title="The machines that make your parts: Fabworks factory tour" width="315"} *Watch custom parts move through Fabworks laser cutting, deburring, press brake bending, and in-house hole operations in Ventura, California.* Video transcript This is where all your custom parts get made. Every job starts at the lasers. Flat parts run on our 4 kW or 10 kW flatbed. Tube runs on the 5-axis tube laser. Next, deburring. Every edge gets cleaned up so your parts are smooth and safe to handle. Then the bending department. Our press brakes run 40 to 80 tons, thin gauge to 1/4-inch plate. Last stop, hole operations. Hardware, tapping, and countersinking, all in-house. All under one roof in Ventura, California. Upload your file at fabworks.com, and this whole shop gets to work. ## The Lasers Every job starts here. Flat sheet parts and tube parts each run on a dedicated fiber laser. **[Sheet metal laser cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting)** runs on a 4 kW TRUMPF TruLaser 1030, which cuts the part profile, slots, holes, tabs, and other 2D features directly from the uploaded STEP model. - Part size: **0.25" x 0.25"** up to **96" x 47"**, no minimum order quantity - Cutting tolerance: **+/-0.005"** on most parts, tighter on simple holes and slots **[Tube laser cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tube-laser-cutting)** runs on a 5-axis TRUMPF TruLaser Tube 5000, which can cut holes, slots, tabs, copes, miters, bevels, and end features into round, square, or rectangular tube. - Finished length: up to **96"** - Cutting tolerance: **+/-0.005"** on most parts Neither machine needs kerf compensation in your CAD file. The CAM workflow accounts for the laser cut automatically, so the part that comes off the laser matches the uploaded model within tolerance. ## Deburring After cutting, sheet parts move to deburring, where sharp edges, tabs, and small burrs left by the laser get cleaned up. It is a small step with a real effect: deburred edges are smoother to handle, safer for whoever assembles the part, and more appropriate for anything customer-facing. Fabworks defaults most parts to deburring for that reason, but it can be turned off for prototypes where speed or cost matters more than edge finish. ## The Press Brakes Sheet parts with bends move to [sheet metal bending](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) next, on one of two machines. The **TRUMPF TruBend 7050** is the primary brake, running up to 40 tons. Its back gauge moves independently on every axis, so it can set two different flange lengths at two different heights on the same part in a single setup. The **Amada HD-8025NT** is the second brake, running up to 88 tons with about 8 feet of bending length, for longer parts where both sides of the gauge can share the same depth and height. - Material thickness: **0.030"** to **0.250"** - Maximum bend length: up to **96"**, depending on material and thickness - Bend tolerance: **+/-1 degree** on angle, **+/-0.015"** on single-bend formed dimensions Together they cover most brackets, enclosures, panels, tabs, mounts, and other formed sheet metal parts: asymmetric parts go on the TruBend, longer straightforward parts go on the Amada. Bending is also where geometry gets tested against physics: material thickness, bend radius, and flange length all determine whether a part forms cleanly, and features placed too close to a bend line can distort as the material stretches. The [bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) cover this in more detail. ## Hole Operations Many parts finish with one or more hole operations, turning a plain cut hole into a functional mounting point. - [Tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping) cuts internal threads directly into a hole. - [Hardware insertion](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware) presses in PEM nuts, studs, standoffs, blind standoffs, flush nuts, rivnuts, and related fasteners. - [Countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/services/countersinking) shapes a hole so a flat-head fastener sits flush with the surface, in **82**, **90**, **100**, or **120 degree** angles. These run in-house alongside cutting and bending, so a part that needs threads, hardware, or flush fasteners does not have to leave Fabworks for secondary work. ## One Shop, One Order That is the shop: two fiber lasers, deburring, press brakes, and in-house hole operations, all under one roof in Ventura. A single STEP file can move through any combination of them in one order, which is what makes online fabrication useful for hardware teams, product designers, robotics teams, repair shops, and anyone else who needs custom parts without a slow quote cycle. Lead time depends on what the order needs. Laser-cut sheet parts are typically the fastest path, while bending, powder coating, hardware, tapping, countersinking, larger quantities, and more complex orders can add time. The ship date shown at checkout reflects the exact services selected for that quote. Ready to see it work on your part? [Upload a STEP file for an instant quote](https://www.fabworks.com), or read the [Fabworks order guide](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fabworks-order-guide) for the full step-by-step ordering process. # How to attach Sheet Metal parts together. When it comes to assembling sheet metal components, designers and manufacturers have several options to choose from. Each attachment method has its own strengths and ideal use cases. In this post, we'll compare some of the most common techniques for joining sheet metal parts: ## Tapped Holes Tapping involves cutting threads directly into the sheet metal to allow for screw attachment. This method works well for thicker gauges and provides a clean, flush connection. However, it can weaken thin materials and may not hold up to repeated assembly/disassembly. Tapped holes offer a clean, integrated appearance and work with standard screws, allowing for easy disassembly. However, they require sufficient material thickness and can weaken thin sheets. The strength of the threads depends on the material properties. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## PEM Nuts PEM nuts are press-fit threaded inserts that provide strong, reusable threads in thin sheet metal. They distribute load and prevent stripping better than tapped holes. These inserts offer stronger threads than direct tapping and work well in thin materials, allowing for repeated assembly and disassembly. However, they require special installation tooling and add some cost and thickness to the part. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## Standoffs Standoffs can be used to attach two parts in multiple ways. The simplest method is acting like a regular standoff with threads to stack two parts on top of each other. The other way to use standoffs similar to PEM Nuts. By using a standoff equal to your material thickness you can get threads as long as the combined material thickness of the two parts, all flush with both surfaces, leading to a stronger threaded connection with the part. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-6.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## PEM Studs Press-fit threaded studs provide male threads protruding from the sheet metal surface. They're useful for blind attachment or when female threads are needed on the exterior. PEM studs enable blind assembly from one side and create strong permanent threads, working well with thin materials. However, they are a permanent installation and protrude from the surface. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-7.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-8.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## Rivets Rivets provide permanent, strong connections between sheet metal parts. They work well for high-volume production but don't allow for easy disassembly. Rivets create very strong permanent connections and allow for fast installation in production settings. They also work well with dissimilar materials. However, rivets are not easily removable, require access to both sides, and can distort thin materials. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-9.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-10.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## Welding Welding creates strong permanent bonds between sheet metal parts. It's ideal for structural applications but requires skilled labor and can distort thin materials. Welding produces strong connections and can create sealed, water-tight joints with a clean, integrated appearance. However, it's a permanent connection that requires specialized equipment and expertise. Welding will also warp materials if not done carefully. ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/fastening-guide/fastening-guide-11.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ## Choosing the Right Method The best attachment technique depends on your specific application requirements. Consider factors like material thickness, load-bearing needs, assembly/disassembly frequency, production volume, cosmetic requirements, and environmental conditions. For precision sheet metal fabrication using many of these joining methods, Fabworks offers expert manufacturing services. Our team can advise on the optimal attachment approach for your project and provide high-quality laser cutting, bending, and hardware insertion to bring your designs to life. Let us know if you have any questions about selecting the right joining method for your next sheet metal project! # The Ultimate Guide to Online Laser Cutting Services ## Why Use Laser Cut Sheet Metal for Your Next Project Sheet metal is the MVP of materials for any project, whether you're a DIY enthusiast or a professional engineer. It’s got versatility, durability, and can be shaped into complex designs with ease. Think about it—whether you’re building a custom car part or a sleek new gadget, sheet metal gets the job done right. Got a custom project in mind? Sheet metal lets you bring your ideas to life quickly and precisely. You can bend it, cut it, and mold it into almost any shape you need. And thanks to laser cutting technology, you get high precision with tolerances as tight as +/- 0.002 inches. That means your designs come out exactly as you envisioned. Here are some key perks of using sheet metal: - **Versatility**: Can be transformed into complex shapes, making it ideal for a wide range of applications. - **Durability**: Provides long-lasting strength and integrity. - **Efficiency**: Quick production times help you meet tight deadlines without compromising quality. Various industries rely on sheet metal fabrication, from Automotive and Aerospace to Consumer Goods and Robotics. Even for DIY projects, it's a go-to material. Its ability to perform in different fields makes it invaluable. When you choose sheet metal, you’re choosing a material that’s not only reliable but also adaptable to your project's demands. Whether you're working on prototypes or full-scale production, sheet metal's efficiency and precision are unmatched. ![sheet metal parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Choosing the Right Sheet Metal Selecting the right sheet metal for your project is crucial. Different materials offer various benefits, so knowing what each type brings to the table helps you make an informed decision. **Aluminum**: Light, strong, and resistant to corrosion. It's perfect for projects needing durability without extra weight. Ideal for automotive parts, aerospace components, and even DIY stuff. For more detailed information on the types of aluminum and their applications, check out our [material guide](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting). **Steel**: Known for its strength and versatility. Carbon steel is great for construction and heavy-duty tasks, while stainless steel adds corrosion resistance, making it perfect for projects exposed to the elements, like outdoor sculptures or custom garden tools. To understand the differences between steel and aluminum, and which might be better for your specific needs, read our [comparison of steel and aluminum](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/steel-vs-alu). **Copper**: Excellent for electrical projects due to its high conductivity. It's also malleable, making it suitable for decorative elements and intricate designs, such as custom jewelry or artistic installations. When choosing sheet metal, consider: - **Thickness**: Thicker materials offer more strength but can be harder to shape. Thinner sheets are easier to bend and cut, making them suitable for intricate designs. - **Strength**: Match the material's strength to your project needs. Heavy-duty projects require robust materials, while lightweight tasks can use less strong options. - **Flexibility**: Some metals are more flexible than others. If your project involves complex bends, opt for materials known for their malleability. Budget is another factor. While high-performance materials like stainless steel and copper can be pricier, they offer advantages that might justify the cost for specific applications. Aluminum and basic steel are often more affordable, providing a balance between performance and cost. Align your material choice with your project’s performance needs and budget for the best results. For a more detailed look into material selection check out our [Guide on Material Selection](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/best-metals-for-laser-cutting) ![material options](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Techniques for Sheet Metal Cutting sheet metal involves different techniques, both manual and machine-based. Knowing which method to use depends on the thickness and complexity of the metal. Let’s dive into the options. Manual methods are great for smaller, simpler cuts: - **Hand Shears**: Ideal for cutting straight lines or gentle curves in thin sheet metal. They’re portable and easy to use. - **Tin Snips**: Perfect for more detailed cuts, especially on thinner sheets. They come in straight-cut, left-cut, and right-cut variations to help you maneuver around corners. - **Jigsaw**: Useful for cutting complex shapes in thicker sheet metal. Equip it with the right blade to achieve cleaner cuts. For more precision and efficiency, machine-based methods are the way to go: - **CNC Plasma Cutter**: Great for cutting thicker materials with intricate designs. It offers high precision and speed. - **Laser Cutter**: Provides unmatched accuracy, especially for detailed and delicate designs. At Fabworks, our laser cutter achieves tolerances as tight as +/- 0.005". For more detailed information on the capabilities and considerations when designing parts for CNC fiber laser cutting, refer to our [General Laser Cutting Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/general). Choosing the right method involves considering the thickness and complexity of your metal. Here’s a quick guide: - **Thin Sheets (up to 1/16 inch)**: Use hand shears or tin snips for straightforward tasks. For more detailed jobs, a jigsaw or laser cutter is ideal. - **Medium Thickness (1/16 to 1/4 inch)**: A jigsaw works well for complex shapes. For precision, opt for a laser cutter. - **Thick Sheets (over 1/4 inch)**: CNC plasma cutters or laser cutters handle these best, providing clean and precise cuts. Tips for achieving clean cuts: - **Sharp Tools**: Always use sharp blades to avoid jagged edges. - **Proper Safety Gear**: Wear gloves, safety glasses, and hearing protection. - **Steady Hands**: Maintain a steady hand and slow pace to ensure precision. Choosing the right cutting technique is crucial for the success of your project. Whether you're crafting or engineering, the right tools make all the difference. ![fiber laser cutter cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Bending Techniques for Sheet Metal Bending sheet metal can transform flat sheets into complex, functional parts. Different techniques fit different needs, so let’s break them down. Hand bending is straightforward. Use simple tools like pliers or a metal brake. It’s ideal for small projects or when you need quick adjustments. But, it’s less precise. Brake forming is more advanced. A sheet metal brake lets you make consistent bends. Perfect for making multiple parts with the same angles. It’s great for small to medium-sized projects, but it requires some setup time. Press brakes are the top choice for precision. They can handle large sheets and complex bends. You get high accuracy and repeatability. However, they’re usually found in professional shops, not your average DIY workspace. For those looking for professional-grade results, our comprehensive [sheet metal bending service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) uses CNC bending to achieve high precision and accuracy. Planning is crucial. Think about where each bend will go to avoid distortion and inaccuracies. This foresight helps maintain the integrity of your design. By understanding these techniques and considerations, you can achieve precise, reliable bends for any project. ::note If Fabworks is bending your parts make sure to consult the [Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) to make sure your parts come out exactly as intended. :: ![sheet metal hand bending](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Integrating Hardware Into Sheet Metal Projects Adding hardware to sheet metal projects can elevate your designs. Using PEM hardware like nuts, studs, and standoffs offers many advantages over traditional methods such as tapping and welding. **Benefits of Using PEM Hardware**: - **Enhanced Thread Strength**: PEM hardware provides stronger threads, especially in thin materials. - **Reduced Part Count**: Combining multiple components into one can streamline your design. - **Ease of Assembly**: Quick and reliable installation reduces assembly time and labor costs. When you integrate PEM hardware, you’re choosing efficiency and strength. Traditional tapping and welding require more steps and can weaken the material. PEM hardware, on the other hand, allows for lighter, thinner materials without compromising durability. **Designing with Hardware in Mind**: 1. **Plan for Placement**: Identify where you need hardware and design your parts to accommodate it. Use CAD software to ensure precise placement. 2. **Check Dimensions**: Ensure your holes and slots match the hardware specifications. This prevents misalignment and installation issues. 3. **Consider Load and Stress**: Place critical features outside distortion zones to avoid weakening the material. For more detailed guidance on designing with PEM hardware, including how to use Onshape for creating designs and integrating PEM components, check out our [comprehensive guide on designing with PEM hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware). ![sheet metal inserts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} **Tips for Proper Fit**: - **Use a Standard Content Library**: Incorporate standard components directly into your design software for accuracy. - **Export as STEP Files**: This keeps all dimensions intact and ensures compatibility with Fabworks' laser cutting and bending services. - **Account for Tolerances**: Follow guidelines for bend radii and distortion zones to maintain part integrity. For additional information on hardware installation, including PEM nuts, studs, and standoffs, refer to our [hardware guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware) to ensure robust and reliable connections in your sheet metal projects. Including PEM hardware in your sheet metal project can make a big difference. It improves strength, reduces complexity, and saves time. Proper planning and design ensure you get the best results, making your project both robust and efficient. ## Exporting Designs as STEP Files Exporting your sheet metal designs as STEP files is crucial for precision and ease of transfer. Using popular CAD software like Onshape, you can ensure all relevant design details are preserved. Follow these steps to export your designs correctly: Using STEP files offers several benefits. First, they maintain all dimensions and design features, ensuring your parts are fabricated precisely as intended. Second, they simplify the transfer process, making it easy to upload your designs to Fabworks' online platform for instant quotes and orders. For more detailed instructions, you can refer to our guides on exporting step files from various CAD programs. - [How to Export a STEP in Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape) - [How to Export a STEP in Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360) Properly exported STEP files lead to precise, high-quality parts. Avoid common pitfalls by following the steps above, ensuring your custom projects come to life just as you envisioned. ## Tips for Successful Sheet Metal Projects Planning is crucial. Map out your cuts and bends first. Sketch your design on paper or use CAD software. A detailed plan prevents mistakes and saves time. Common mistakes to avoid: - **Skipping practice runs**: Always make a test part before a full production run. - **Rushing the process**: Take your time to ensure accuracy. Techniques for improving precision: - **Use a laser cutter for detailed designs**: Laser cutting achieves tight tolerances, ensuring your designs come out exact. - **Follow bending guidelines**: Adhere to our bending guidelines for accurate dimensions. By following these tips, you'll create precise, high-quality sheet metal parts that meet your project's needs. ## Designing and Assembling Sheet Metal Projects Designing and assembling sheet metal projects is a step-by-step process that demands precision and attention to detail. Let’s break it down. First, use CAD software to create your design. Programs like Fusion 360 or Onshape help you map out every detail. Ensure your design includes all necessary cuts, bends, and hardware placements. Precise digital designs lead to accurate physical parts. Once your design is ready, export it as a STEP file. This format preserves all dimensions and details, ensuring compatibility with our laser cutting and bending services. ### Steps for Cutting, Bending, and Assembling: 1. **Cutting**: Upload your STEP file to our online platform. Choose your material and thickness. We will handle the rest, providing high precision with tolerances as tight as +/- 0.005 inches across your part. 2. **Bending**: Follow our bending guidelines. Ensure your bends adhere to a .030" bend radius to maintain accuracy. Our machines hold single bends to +/- 0.015" length and +/- 1 degree angle tolerances. 3. **Assembling**: Lay out all cut and bent parts. Use PEM hardware for ease of assembly and enhanced thread strength. For more information about our PEM nut insertion and expert fabrication, check out our [Sheet Metal Hardware Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware). Plan your assembly sequence to avoid overlaps and obstructions. Secure parts with clamps to prevent movement. ### Quality Inspections and Testing Quality inspections are crucial. Check each component for accuracy in dimensions and bends. Misalignments can cause issues in the final assembly. Use calipers and/or an angle gauge to measure critical features and ensure they match your design specifications. ![inspection](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services/guide-to-online-laser-cutting-services-6.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ### Tips for Troubleshooting Common Issues - **Misaligned Holes**: Check your CAD design and adjust as needed. Ensure holes match the hardware specifications, and are compatible with bend length tolerances. - **Warped Parts**: Review your bending process. Ensure you’re following the correct bend radius and distortion zone guidelines. ### Final Thoughts By following these steps and tips, you can create precise, high-quality sheet metal projects. Proper planning, accurate cutting and bending, and thorough inspections ensure your final product meets all required specifications. For additional information on our services, including lead times and tolerances, visit our [Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.fabworks.com/faq) page. ## When to Seek Professional Sheet Metal Services Some projects need more than a DIY approach. Professional sheet metal services can make a big difference, especially for complex designs and high-precision requirements. If your project involves intricate cuts or bends, professional services offer advanced machinery like laser cutters, and CNC press brakes. These tools provide high precision and can handle thicker materials that might be challenging with manual methods. Here’s when to consider professional help: - **Complex Designs**: Need tight tolerances or detailed patterns? Pros have the tech to handle it. - **Large Quantities**: Producing multiple parts? Professional services ensure consistency and speed. - **Special Materials**: Working with hard-to-cut materials like stainless steel? Experts know the best techniques. - **Critical Deadlines**: Tight schedule? Professionals offer rapid turnaround without compromising quality. Choosing a reliable sheet metal service provider is crucial. Here’s what to look for: - **Quality**: Check their precision capabilities. For example, Fabworks offers [high-quality sheet metal laser cutting services](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) with cutting tolerances as low as +/- .005". - **Turnaround Time**: Ensure they can meet your deadlines. A provider with a high on-time delivery rate is a good sign. - **Customer Support**: Friendly, accessible support can make your experience smoother. Look for providers who offer guidance throughout the process. - **Comprehensive Services**: From cutting and bending to hardware insertion and finishing, a one-stop-shop simplifies your project. Fabworks also provides a specialized [Sheet Metal Tapping Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping) that enhances the functionality of components through high precision tapping combined with expert laser cutting. Professional expertise and state-of-the-art machinery can elevate your project, ensuring high precision and timely completion. ## Key Takeaways From This Guide Sheet metal is your go-to material for versatility and durability. It's perfect for custom projects, offering quick, precise, and reliable results. You can shape it into almost anything, from prototypes to finished products. Cutting techniques vary based on your needs. Hand tools like shears and snips are great for small tasks, while CNC plasma cutters and laser cutters handle more complex jobs. Always use sharp tools and secure your metal to get clean cuts. Bending methods also differ. Hand bending works for small adjustments, but brake forming and press brakes offer more precision for larger projects. Keep in mind bend radius and spring back to maintain strength and accuracy. For successful projects, planning is key. Sketch your design, mark your cuts and bends clearly, and practice on scrap metal. Precision tools like laser cutters ensure your designs come out exactly as planned. Sometimes, professional services are the best route. Complex designs, large quantities, and special materials benefit from advanced machinery and expert handling. Look for providers offering high precision, rapid turnaround, and comprehensive services. Using sheet metal efficiently means understanding its benefits and applying the right techniques. Whether you're a DIY enthusiast or a professional, the versatility and reliability of sheet metal make it an invaluable resource for any project. Apply these insights to achieve high-quality, precise results in your next endeavor. # Hand Bending Guide In the world of sheet metal fabrication, creating parts that can be easily bent by hand offers a range of benefits, from reducing manufacturing costs to enabling quick prototyping and on-site adjustments. There are various patterns you can use to make parts hand-bendable, but they all have one crucial element in common: they reduce the amount of material on the bend line. For the purposes of this guide, we will focus on using simple slots on the bend line to create easily bendable tabs. Material Considerations When designing hand-bent parts, the most important factors to consider are the material type and its thickness. The choice of material significantly impacts the ease of bending and the final product's strength. Here are some key points to keep in mind: **Material Type**: Softer metals like aluminum and certain grades of stainless steel are generally easier to bend by hand compared to harder metals like carbon steel. ::warning If you are using aluminum for your part, make sure to use 5052 aluminum and not 6061, or 7075. 6061 and 7075 aluminum are great for flat parts, but will result in very weak bends, especially with the small tabs found in hand bent parts. :: **Thickness**: We typically recommend 1/16" (1.6mm) material thickness as an upper limit for hand bendability, but as thick as 1/8" will work with proper tab sizes, and making use of a vice to assist in bending. Attempting to bend thicker materials, such as 3/8" (9.5mm) steel, by hand will be extremely difficult and may result in inconsistent bends. Design Process The process of designing hand bends is relatively straightforward: Create your sheet metal part as normal in your CAD software. Identify the bend lines where you want to create hand-bendable sections. Add slots or perforations along these bend lines on the flat pattern. Adjust the size and spacing of the slots based on your material properties and desired bend characteristics. ![hand bend pattern](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/hand-bending-guide/hand-bending-guide-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Making hand bends with Onshape One of Onshape's most powerful features is the ability for anyone to create custom tools to manipulate parts. A custom FeatureScript can add hand-bend slots to sheet metal models very easily by taking a few parameters and the bend lines you want to modify. ![hand bend part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/hand-bending-guide/hand-bending-guide-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## How to size your slots. - The width of each slot should be at least half the thickness of your material. - The width between slots should atleast be the thickness of the material, if you make the tabs larger it will increase the strength of the bend, but also make it harder to bend in the process. Incorporating hand-bendable features into your sheet metal designs can greatly enhance the flexibility and usability of your parts. By understanding the principles behind hand bending and utilizing tools like Onshape's custom FeatureScript, you can easily create parts that can be adjusted on-site or used for rapid prototyping. As with any design process, it's important to test your designs and iterate to find the optimal parameters for your specific applications. # How to Design With PEM Hardware ## Advantages of using PEM Hardware PEM hardware offers a time-efficient solution for incorporating nuts, studs, or standoffs into sheet metal parts. By utilizing PEM hardware in your sheet metal parts, you reduce part count and enhance thread strength, streamlining the assembly process compared to tapping, or welding components to your sheet metal parts, which can reduce dimensional accuracy. Traditional tapping often demands thicker parts to provide adequate thread strength, resulting in increased weight and higher costs. In contrast, PEM nuts allow the use of thinner materials while maintaining superior thread strength. This keeps parts lightweight and contributes to cost savings, making it a cost-effective and efficient alternative. ## Designing around PEM Hardware Since [Onshape](https://www.onshape.com/en/){rel=""nofollow""} is our recommended platform for designing laser-cut sheet metal parts, this guide will use examples from the Onshape interfaces. However, concepts should be general enough to transfer to your CAD package of choice. ![designing-with-pem-hardware-1.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-1.webp) This bracket is made out of thin .0625” aluminum, making it a poor choice for traditional tapping. Adding PEM hardware inside of Onshape is very simple using the Standard Content Library. Just select PEM in the “Standard” drop-down, and make sure you have the correct component selected. To make sure the component has the correct dimensions reference the Fabworks [hardware documentation](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware) ![designing-with-pem-hardware-4.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-4.webp) The Fabworks laser cutting service resizes holes labeled for hardware automatically, but if you want parody between your model and the final part Onshape’s hole tool has presets for PEM hole sizes. If you are not using Onshape or want to integrate these dimensions into your part sketches you can reference [the Fabworks documentation on hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/hardware). ![designing-with-pem-hardware-6.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-6.webp) Once you have your model completed you can export the part as a STEP file and import it into the Fabworks [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). If you need help exporting your model you can look at the step file exporting guide. ![designing-with-pem-hardware-5.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-5.webp) Once into the interface open the hardware configuration interface to get started adding hardware to your part. ![designing-with-pem-hardware-3.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-3.webp) Once you select your hardware type you will notice the 3D visualization update to match the PEM hardware you selected. Make sure you have the PEM hardware side so that it matches your original model. ![designing-with-pem-hardware-2.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware/designing-with-pem-hardware-2.webp) ## Additional Support If you have difficulty uploading or configuring hardware for your part, our support team is happy to help. # How to Export a STEP in Fusion 360 Fusion 360 is a great platform for designing laser cut and sheet metal parts manufactured via our [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). Exporting your parts from Fusion 360 as a STEP file is fast and easy, only taking a few seconds. After your files are exported you can upload them to our instant quoting platform to receive instant pricing for your laser cut or [sheet metal](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) parts. ## Exporting Parts 1. Since Fabworks accepts both flat and bent parts in step form there is no need to make a flat pattern for your sheet metal parts. Just ensure your bend radius and K-Factor is set according to our [Sheet Metal Bending Service Guidelines.](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) 2. Navigate to the File Icon in the top left, and click “Export…” ![fusion-360-step-export-1.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360/fusion-360-step-export-1.webp) 3. Once the export dialogue shows up make sure “STEP Files” is selected in the “Type” drop-down. After confirming you are exporting a step file simply click on the “Export” button. ![fusion-360-step-export-2.webp](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360/fusion-360-step-export-2.webp) 4. Once your part has finished downloading, navigate to the [Fabworks Laser Cutting Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting), and simply drop your file into the upload section to get an instant quote on your part. # How to Export a STEP in Onshape Onshape is our recommended platform for designing laser cut and sheet metal parts to be manufactured via our [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). Exporting your parts from Onshape as a STEP file is fast and easy, only taking a few seconds. After your files are exported you can upload them to our instant quoting platform to receive instant pricing for your laser cut or [sheet metal](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) parts. ## Exporting Parts 1. Since Fabworks accepts both flat and bent parts in step form there is no need to make a flat pattern for your sheet metal parts. Additionally **there is NO need to adjust your k-factor** before export! Refer to our [Sheet Metal Bending Service Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) for more info on what we adjust automatically! 2. Right click anywhere on your part, then click “Export” ![onshape step export](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} 3. Once the export dialogue shows up click “Export” once more to start your STEP file download. 4. Once your part has finished downloading, navigate to the [Fabworks Laser Cutting Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting), and simply drop your file into the upload section to get an instant quote on your part. ## Exporting Assemblies Part of Fabworks' Summer 2024 Platform updates support for importing multi-body assemblies was added. This means you can easily import all your parts in a single upload! ![example assembly](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} Simply select all of the parts to be manufactured, and select export. The default export settings should work just fine. After your step exports you can drop it into Fabworks for an instant quote! ![example assembly](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} # How to make a part from a picture Sometimes you have a part you need to recreate in CAD to either use as reference or to remake entirely. Using a picture of the part in the remodeling process can reduce the time it takes to fully recreate the part. This guide will use a 2D part and a single image as an example, however this process can be used with multiple images to recreate a more complex part. ## Step 1: Take a picture Make sure to get as close to the subject as possible to maximize the resolution, making sure the image is not blurry. Make sure the part is well lit to reduce error in the tracing process. Make sure your picture is head on with the shape you are trying to capture to ensure camera perspective is not messing with the dimensions too much. If you do not know the exact size of features on the part it may be helpful to include a ruler in the image to help with the scaling process later. If you are including a ruler in your image ensure the ruler is not too far infront or behind the surface you are imaging, as this will mess with the dimensions. ![good-bad-example](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-part-from-picture/how-to-part-from-picture-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Step 2: Import the image In this guide, we will use Onshape as our primary tool to demonstrate the tracing process. Onshape's intuitive interface and robust feature set make it a great choice for this purpose. However, the principles and steps outlined here are broadly applicable and should translate well to other CAD software platforms. Whether you are using SolidWorks, Fusion 360, or another CAD program, you can follow the general process described to achieve similar results. If you need additional help don't hesitate to reach out to Fabworks support. In Onshape simply make a sketch on any plane, and use the "Insert Image" tool. Drag the bounding box out to a rough size for now. ![image import](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-part-from-picture/how-to-part-from-picture-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Step 3: Properly scale the image If you are aware of the specific dimension of a feature in an image, such as the size of a hole or the length of a side, you can use that information to adjust the scaling of the image. By doing so, you can modify the image’s size until the feature appears to be approximately the correct size in relation to its actual dimensions. This process involves adjusting the image’s scale to ensure that the measured feature in the image matches the real-world measurement as closely as possible. ![hole lineup](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-part-from-picture/how-to-part-from-picture-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} If the dimensions of the part are unknown, but you included a ruler or some other object of known length in your original image, you can use that reference to determine the size of your object. By measuring the length of the ruler or reference object within the image, you can establish a scale. With this scale, you can then measure the dimensions of your object in the image and accurately determine its size based on the known length of the reference object. This method allows you to calibrate the image's scale and make precise size adjustments even without knowing the exact dimensions of the part initially. ![using a ruler](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-part-from-picture/how-to-part-from-picture-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Step 4: Trace the image Once you have established and verified the scale of your image, you can proceed with tracing the features. When you are tracing, keep in mind that certain features, such as holes, often come in standard or common sizes. For example, if you measure a hole in your image and find that it has a dimension of 0.2491 inches, it is quite possible that this dimension corresponds to a standard size of 0.25 inches. Similarly, if you are working with radii, they are frequently rounded to even or standard measurements, so it’s worth considering this when interpreting the dimensions in your image. If you have access to the physical part, it can be very beneficial to measure the hole or any other critical dimensions directly. This will allow you to verify the accuracy of your measurements and ensure that your traced dimensions are correct. Double-checking the physical part can provide additional confirmation and help ensure that your final traced dimensions accurately reflect the true sizes of the features. ![final part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-part-from-picture/how-to-part-from-picture-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} Once you have completed the tracing of all the features in your image, you can then proceed to give your traced part a thickness to convert it into a 3D model. After defining the thickness, you can export your model to the STEP format, which is a widely used file format for 3D models that facilitates interoperability between different CAD software. If you need assistance with the process of exporting your part to the STEP format, we have detailed guides available that provide step-by-step instructions. These guides will walk you through the necessary steps to ensure a smooth and accurate export, helping you to successfully convert your traced model into the STEP format for further use or sharing. ### Step Export Guides - [Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape) - [Fusion 360](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-fusion-360) # Joining Techniques for Laser Cut Parts Sheet metal joining is a crucial aspect of fabrication that can make or break the durability, functionality, and aesthetics of your projects. Whether you're working on prototypes or large-scale production, understanding various joining methods is key to creating strong, reliable connections. In this post, we'll explore some of the most common and effective sheet metal joining techniques, highlighting their strengths and ideal applications. ## Welding: The Gold Standard of Permanent Joints Welding remains one of the most popular and versatile methods for joining sheet metal. It creates a strong, permanent bond by melting and fusing the metal pieces together. There are several welding techniques suitable for sheet metal: 1. TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) Welding: Ideal for thin sheets and precision work, TIG welding produces clean, high-quality welds with minimal distortion. 2. MIG (Metal Inert Gas) Welding: Faster than TIG welding, MIG is great for thicker materials and longer welds. It's widely used in automotive and construction industries. 3. Spot Welding: Perfect for overlapping joints, spot welding is quick and efficient, making it popular in mass production settings. While welding provides excellent strength, it requires skilled operators and can cause heat distortion if not done properly. It's best suited for projects where a permanent, strong joint is necessary. ![welding laser cut parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/joining-techniques/joining-techniques-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Mechanical Fasteners: Versatility and Ease of Assembly Mechanical fasteners offer a non-permanent joining solution that allows for easy disassembly and reassembly. This method is particularly useful for projects that may require future modifications or maintenance. Common mechanical fasteners include: 1. Screws and Nuts: Versatile and readily available, they're ideal for joining sheets of varying thicknesses. 2. Rivets: Excellent for creating strong, permanent joints without welding. They're widely used in aerospace and automotive industries. 3. PEM Fasteners: These self-clinching fasteners provide strong threads in thin materials, ideal for electronics enclosures and other applications where traditional threading isn't feasible. At Fabworks, we offer a specialized Sheet Metal Hardware Service that includes the installation of PEM nuts, studs, and standoffs. This service ensures precise placement and secure fastening, enhancing the overall quality and durability of your sheet metal assemblies. ![pem hardware on laser cut part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/joining-techniques/joining-techniques-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Adhesive Bonding: Clean and Versatile Adhesive bonding is gaining popularity in sheet metal fabrication due to its ability to join dissimilar materials, distribute stress evenly, and create a clean appearance without visible fasteners. Modern structural adhesives can provide strength comparable to welded joints in many applications. For bonding metal, use a metal epoxy like JB Weld for a tight bond between surfaces. If your parts need to be held together strongly but aren't undergoing high load you might be able to use double-sided tapes such as 3M™ VHB™. With proper surface prep it can strongly hold parts together. Key advantages of adhesive bonding include: - No heat distortion - Ability to join different metals or even non-metallic materials - Excellent fatigue resistance - Sealing properties that prevent corrosion However, surface preparation is crucial for achieving strong bonds, and curing time must be considered in the production process. ## Summary Selecting the best joining method for your project depends on various factors: - Material thickness and type - Required joint strength - Environmental conditions (e.g., exposure to heat, moisture, or chemicals) - Assembly and disassembly requirements - Production volume and speed - Aesthetic considerations At Fabworks, we understand the importance of proper joining techniques in sheet metal fabrication. While our core services focus on precision laser cutting and bending, we work closely with clients to ensure their designs are optimized for assembly. Our expert team can provide guidance on design considerations for various joining methods, helping you choose the best approach for your specific needs. For projects requiring hardware insertion, our [Sheet Metal Hardware Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware) complements our cutting and bending capabilities, offering a more complete solution for your fabrication needs. By combining our high-precision laser cutting with strategic hardware placement, we help streamline your assembly process and enhance the overall quality of your sheet metal projects. In conclusion, mastering sheet metal joining techniques is essential for creating robust, functional, and aesthetically pleasing parts. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each method, you can make informed decisions that lead to superior products. Whether you're utilizing our laser cutting services for parts that will be welded later, or taking advantage of our hardware insertion capabilities, Fabworks is committed to supporting your sheet metal fabrication needs from start to finish. # Laser Cutting Kerf Explained In this article, we’ll run through the most important things you need to know about kerf in laser cutting. We’ll explain what the term kerf width refers to, whether or not you need to take kerf into account in design, and what factors affect laser cutting kerf widths. ## What is Kerf in Laser Cutting? The term “kerf” is used in all forms of cutting in which the cutting device removes material at the incision point. The “kerf width” is the width of material that the device removes as it makes a cut. **Laser cutters burn away material as they cut. In laser cutting, kerf width refers to the width of material that the laser burns away as it cuts.** ![laser cutting kerf diagram](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/laser-cutting-kerf-explained/laser-cutting-kerf-explained-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} Kerf is mainly something that needs to be considered in the manufacturing process. On some occasions, however, designs also need to be adjusted to take into account the kerf width of laser cuts. ## When Do You Need to Account for Kerf in Design? **Important:** You do **NOT** need to account for kerf width in laser cutting files you send to Fabworks. On the vast majority of occasions, kerf can be accounted for at the manufacturing stage. The manufacturer can simply calibrate their laser cutter so that it’s offset according to the kerf width that it will make. This leaves a part with the dimensions as specified in the design. The principle is simple, but expertise is often required. As we’ll discuss shortly, kerf widths differ between laser cutters, between materials being cut, and according to other factors as well. The important point, however, is that designs do not usually need to be altered to account for kerf width. At [Fabworks](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting), we take care of all kerf considerations. Your parts do not need to take the kerf width into account. ## Intricate and Detailed Designs There may be exceptions with parts that have very detailed and intricate designs. If a design has any areas in which cut lines come very close together, it is possible to encounter problems in achieving the correct dimensions through laser offsetting. What’s more likely to be an issue, however, is problems with warping and fragility that occur as a result of the heat generated in the laser cutting process. Few parts have geometries small enough for kerf width to be a consideration that needs to be taken in design. We will inform you if this is the case with designs you submit to Fabworks. For more detailed information, see the [Fabworks general laser cutting guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/laser-cutting/general). ![laser cut blackhole](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/laser-cutting-kerf-explained/laser-cutting-kerf-explained-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## What Factors Affect Kerf Width? Kerf widths for all types of cutting can vary between .003” and .039” (.080 mm and 1 mm). There are a number of factors that come into play. The most important factors are: - The type of laser being used - The material being cut he power of the laser being used to make a cut will impact kerf width. Generally speaking, higher power levels result in wider kerf widths, and lower power levels result in narrower kerf widths. As well as this, the focal length and diameter of the laser beam is another important factor impacting kerf width. Different optics can be used to control this. Other factors in the set up of the laser cutting machine can come into play. Some of those are: - The speed of cutting - The pressure levels of assistive gases At Fabworks, we use fiber lasers with kerf widths ranging from .005″ - .015″ (.127 mm - .381 mm)\* depending on material and stock thickness. ## Material Types Different materials cut with different kerf widths according to their physical characteristics. Generally speaking, softer materials cut with a wider kerf width. That said, dense materials may require high-power lasers, which can cause kerf widths to widen. Here’s a quick rundown of the main material types: - Metals - Kerf widths vary between metal types. However, metals generally cut with a narrow kerf width because they are heat resistant. - Woods - Wood cuts with a wider kerf than metal because it is flammable and less heat resistant. - Plastics - Plastics are also less heat resistant and less flammable. Plastics with higher melting points will have reduced kerf widths. - Ceramics - The heat resistance of ceramics means they tend to cut with a narrow kerf width. Lasers can also be used to cut [other materials](https://www.thunderlaser.com/what-materials-are-suitable-for-laser-cutting){rel=""nofollow""}, including paper and cardboard, fabrics, leather, and composite materials. Kerf widths will vary with other materials. Another thing to be aware of is that if a material has a coating, this may affect kerf width. At Fabworks, we offer laser cutting with [aluminum, mild steel, and stainless steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). ## Material Thickness Thicker materials tend to require more power and a wider laser beam. As a result, kerf widths tend to be wider with thick materials. Tapering may also be more of an issue with thicker materials. This is when laser cutting leaves cut edges that are tapered rather than exactly perpendicular to the material’s surface. Most materials typically taper .001” (.025 mm) for every .1” (2.54 mm) in thickness. ## Fabworks Laser cutting is a cost-effective method of cutting that is suitable for everything from prototypes to large production orders. Send your CAD designs for laser-cut parts to Fabworks, and we’ll handle all considerations related to kerf width. We’ll also give you an instant quote and deliver high-quality laser-cut parts to you. ## How Does Laser Cutting Compare to Waterjet Cutting and Plasma Cutting? Two cutting methods that might be compared to laser cutting are waterjet cutting and plasma cutting. Both of these methods tend to result in kerf widths that are wider than with laser cutting. # Is Laser Cutting Cheaper Than CNC Machining? If you're trying to get parts made, you've probably wondered whether laser cutting or CNC machining is the better deal. It's a fair question, and one we hear all the time. The honest answer? It depends on what you're making. But here's the quick version: for most sheet metal parts, laser cutting wins on cost. Often by a lot. Let's dig into why that is, and when CNC machining actually makes more sense for your wallet. ## The Quick Answer **If your part is flat and made from thin sheet metal (under 10mm), laser cutting is usually 50-80% cheaper than CNC machining.** It's faster, wastes less material, and doesn't chew through expensive tooling. That said, CNC machining pulls ahead when you're working with thick stock, need 3D features, or require super tight tolerances on multiple surfaces. Different tools for different jobs. ## Why Laser Cutting Tends to Be Cheaper A few things work in laser cutting's favor: - **It's fast.** We're talking 70-120 inches per minute on thin material. CNC machining can't come close to that speed on flat profiles. - **No tool wear.** CNC endmills dull and break. Lasers just... cut. The consumables are minimal. - **Setup is quick.** Switching between jobs doesn't require changing out tooling or fixtures. Load the file, load the sheet, go. - **Less waste.** Nesting software packs parts tight on the sheet, so you're not paying for material that ends up in the scrap bin. ## Why CNC Machining Costs More CNC machining is inherently more expensive for a few reasons: - **Tool wear:** Endmills and inserts dull and break. They need replacing regularly, and that adds up. - **Slower material removal:** Cutting away material with a spinning tool just takes longer than vaporizing it with a laser beam. - **More setup:** Each job needs fixtures, tool changes, and careful programming. - **Material waste:** You're starting with a block and cutting most of it away. That scrap costs money. ## When Laser Cutting Saves You Money Laser cutting is your friend when you're making: - Sheet metal parts under 10mm thick - Flat profiles and 2D shapes - High quantities of similar parts - Parts with lots of cutouts or fine details - Anything where you need it fast To put some numbers on it: a simple steel bracket might cost $5-15 per part with laser cutting. That same bracket machined from billet? $40-100+ easy. The math is pretty clear. ## When CNC Machining Makes More Sense CNC machining earns its keep when you need: - Thick material (over 20mm) - 3D features like pockets, steps, or contours - Tight tolerances on multiple surfaces - Threads, counterbores, or other machined features - Parts from engineering plastics or materials that don't laser well Sometimes there's just no substitute for a good mill. ## Some Real Examples Let's look at a few common scenarios: ### A Simple Steel Bracket (3mm thick) - Laser cutting: $8-12/part - CNC machining: $45-80/part Laser wins by 5-7x. Not even close. ### An Aluminum Enclosure with Bends (2mm thick) - Laser + bending: $25-40/part - CNC from billet: $150-250/part Laser still wins by 4-6x. Bending adds cost, but it's way cheaper than hogging out all that material. ### A Thick Aluminum Plate with Pockets (25mm thick) - Laser cutting: Can't do it (too thick) - CNC machining: $80-150/part CNC wins by default. This is exactly what mills are made for. ### A Precision Housing with Tight Tolerances - Laser cutting: Can't hit the tolerances - CNC machining: $120-200/part Again, CNC is the only option when you need that precision across the whole part. ## Tips for Keeping Costs Down Whatever method you go with, here's how to avoid spending more than you need to: ### For Laser Cutting - **Stick to standard sheet sizes** so you're not paying for oddball material - **Minimize holes and cutouts** where you can - each one adds time - **Skip the super intricate details** unless they're actually necessary - **Order more at once** to spread setup costs across more parts ### For CNC Machining - **Design around standard tooling** so they don't need special cutters - **Only spec tight tolerances where they matter** - everything else can be looser - **Start with stock that's close to your final shape** when possible - **Keep it to 3-axis if you can** - 5-axis is cool but expensive ## Bottom Line For sheet metal work, laser cutting is almost always the cheaper choice. It's fast, efficient, and doesn't require expensive tooling. If you're making brackets, panels, enclosures, or any kind of flat part, start there. CNC machining costs more, but it does things lasers can't. Thick material, 3D features, precision fits - that's CNC territory. Pick the wrong method and you might pay 30-50% more than you need to. Pick the right one and you'll get great parts without the sticker shock. ## See What Your Parts Would Cost Curious what your project would actually run? Upload your files to Fabworks and get a quote in seconds. Our system will analyze your geometry and give you real pricing for laser cutting. If your parts might need CNC or other processes, we're happy to talk through the options. [Upload your files and see for yourself](https://www.fabworks.com). # Is Laser Cutting Cheaper Than Waterjet? Choosing between laser cutting and waterjet? It's a question that comes up constantly, and picking wrong can cost you real money. Here's the short answer: for most sheet metal work, laser cutting is cheaper. Often by a lot. Waterjet has its place, but if your part can be laser cut, it almost certainly should be. Let's dig into why. ## The Quick Answer **If your part is made from standard sheet metal (steel, aluminum, stainless) under 20mm thick, laser cutting is typically 30-60% cheaper than waterjet.** It's faster, more precise, and the operating costs are lower. Waterjet makes sense when you're cutting very thick material, organic materials like wood or rubber, or exotic materials that don't laser well. Outside of those cases, laser wins on cost. ## Why Laser Cutting Is Usually Cheaper Laser cutting has several cost advantages: - **It's fast.** Modern fiber lasers cut thin sheet metal at 70-120+ inches per minute. Waterjet is significantly slower. - **Lower operating costs.** Electricity and assist gas are cheap. Waterjet burns through abrasive constantly, and that stuff isn't free. - **Better precision.** Laser kerf is tighter (typically 0.1-0.3mm vs 0.5-1.0mm for waterjet), meaning less material waste and better tolerances. - **Faster setup.** Load the sheet, run the program. Waterjet requires more setup and often slower pierce times. - **Cleaner edges.** Laser-cut edges on sheet metal are often ready to use. Waterjet edges can be rougher and may need secondary finishing. ## Why Waterjet Costs More Waterjet cutting is inherently more expensive because: - **Abrasive consumption.** Garnet abrasive is the main consumable, and you go through a lot of it. This alone adds significant cost per part. - **Slower cutting speeds.** Waterjet just can't match laser speeds on thin material. Slower = more machine time = higher cost. - **More wear items.** Nozzles, mixing tubes, and orifices wear out and need regular replacement. - **Higher maintenance.** High-pressure pumps (60,000+ PSI) require more upkeep than laser systems. ## When Laser Cutting Saves You Money Laser cutting is the clear winner when you're making: - Sheet metal parts under 20mm thick - Parts from steel, aluminum, stainless, or brass - High-volume production runs - Parts requiring tight tolerances (±0.1mm achievable) - Anything where edge quality matters - Parts with lots of small holes or fine details Real numbers: A batch of steel brackets might cost $8-15 each with laser cutting. The same parts on waterjet? $20-40 each. That adds up fast. ## When Waterjet Makes Sense Waterjet earns its keep in specific situations: - **Very thick material (25mm+).** Lasers struggle with thick plate. Waterjet handles it without breaking a sweat. - **Organic materials.** Wood, rubber, foam, leather, cork - these can't be laser cut without burning or melting. Waterjet cuts them clean. - **Heat-sensitive materials.** When you absolutely cannot have any heat-affected zone, waterjet's cold cutting process is the answer. - **Reflective materials.** Some materials like copper and certain aluminum alloys can be tricky for lasers. Waterjet doesn't care. - **Glass, stone, and tile.** Laser can't touch these. Waterjet cuts them easily. - **Composites and laminates.** Carbon fiber, fiberglass, and layered materials often cut better with waterjet. ## Some Real Examples Let's compare typical scenarios: ### Steel Brackets (3mm thick, qty 50) - Laser cutting: $8-12/part - Waterjet cutting: $22-35/part Laser wins by 2-3x. This is exactly what lasers do best. ### Aluminum Panels (6mm thick, qty 20) - Laser cutting: $15-25/part - Waterjet cutting: $35-55/part Laser still wins by about 2x. Well within laser's sweet spot. ### Thick Steel Plate (30mm thick) - Laser cutting: Struggles or can't do it - Waterjet cutting: $60-100/part Waterjet wins by necessity. This is waterjet territory. ### Rubber Gaskets (5mm thick) - Laser cutting: Burns/melts the material - Waterjet cutting: $15-30/part Waterjet wins by default. Can't laser cut rubber without ruining it. ### Carbon Fiber Panel (3mm thick) - Laser cutting: Creates toxic fumes, damages material - Waterjet cutting: $40-70/part Waterjet wins. Composites and lasers don't mix well. ## The Speed Difference Is Real To put some numbers on it, here's roughly how cutting speeds compare on 6mm mild steel: - **Fiber laser:** 80-100+ inches per minute - **Waterjet:** 8-15 inches per minute That's a 5-10x difference in cutting speed. Time is money, and laser cutting just moves faster on sheet metal. ## Tips for Keeping Costs Down ### For Laser Cutting - **Use standard sheet sizes** to avoid material premiums - **Nest parts efficiently** to maximize material usage - **Minimize small holes** - each pierce adds time - **Order in batches** to spread setup costs ### For Waterjet Cutting - **Accept standard tolerances** unless you need tighter (±0.005" is typical) - **Use thicker material efficiently** - waterjet's advantage grows with thickness - **Minimize pierce points** - each pierce takes time - **Consider edge quality requirements** - faster cuts = rougher edges ## Bottom Line For standard sheet metal work, laser cutting is almost always the cheaper choice. It's faster, more precise, and the operating costs are lower. If your material can be laser cut, it probably should be. Waterjet is the right call when you're working with very thick material, organics, composites, or anything that can't handle heat. In those cases, the extra cost is worth it because laser isn't an option. Pick the wrong process and you might pay 30-50% more than necessary. Pick the right one and you'll get great parts at a fair price. ## See What Your Parts Would Cost Want real pricing for your specific parts? Upload your files to Fabworks and get a quote in seconds. Our system will analyze your geometry and give you actual laser cutting prices. Not sure which process fits your project? We're happy to discuss options. [Upload your files and find out](https://www.fabworks.com). # Using Fabworks for Next Day Laser Cutting In today's fast-paced product development landscape, rapid prototyping is essential for staying competitive. Fabworks offers next day [laser cutting services](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) that can significantly accelerate your prototyping process. By leveraging our advanced capabilities and streamlined workflow, you can bring your ideas to life faster than ever before. To help you plan production timelines, Fabworks gives an estimated ship date for your parts. This estimate will change depending on what you have configured. If you have bent parts or parts with hardware, this will increase your lead time. Feel free to play around with options and see how it changes your lead times. ![view time look](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-4.webp){.mx-auto.max-w-full} ::warning Need a lead time that's faster than what's stated on the site? Send us a live chat and we will try our best to accommodate. :: ## The Power of Next Day Laser Cutting When you're racing against the clock to validate a design or showcase a prototype to stakeholders, every hour counts. Fabworks' next day laser cutting service is designed to meet these tight deadlines without compromising on quality. Here's how you can make the most of our rapid turnaround times: 1. Optimize Your Design: Before uploading your files, ensure your designs are finalized and optimized for laser cutting. This minimizes the need for revisions and helps us process your order quickly. 2. Choose the Right Material: Fabworks offers a variety of materials that are ideal for rapid prototyping, including aluminum, steel, and stainless steel. Select the material that best suits your project's needs and timeline. 3. Minimize additional services: Adding lots of hardware, tapping and countersinking will potentially increase lead times. Be sure to keep these requirements to a minimum. 4. Leverage Our Instant Quoting: Our online platform provides instant quotes, allowing you to quickly assess costs and make decisions without delay. 5. Opt for Rapid Production: When placing your order, select the "Expedited Production" option to prioritize your project in our queue. ![laser cutter cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-3.webp){.mx-auto.max-w-full} ## Speed Up Bending: DIY Consider using hand bends on prototype parts and doing the bending yourself. This will potentially cut days off the part lead time. Consider that ordering bent parts outside of our [bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) will potentially hold up the entire order. Consider splitting orders into bent and non-bent parts if you would be able to take advantage of the flat part arriving earlier. If you need help setting up a part to be hand bent, check out our [article on the subject](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/hand-bending-guide) ## Speeding Up Turnaround: The Deburring Decision One often overlooked aspect of the laser cutting process is deburring. While deburring provides a smooth, finished edge, it also adds time to the production process. For rapid prototyping, where speed is crucial, you might consider selecting "No Deburring" for your part finish. Here's why: - Faster Production: Skipping the deburring step can shave valuable time off the manufacturing process, potentially reducing turnaround. - Suitable for Many Prototypes: For many prototyping applications, especially those focused on form and fit rather than final aesthetics, the slight roughness left by laser cutting is often acceptable. However, it's important to note that deburring isn't just about aesthetics. In some cases, it can affect the functionality of your parts, especially if tight tolerances or smooth surfaces are critical to your design. Consider the needs of each part when deciding whether to disable deburring. ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} Deburred ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} Not Deburred ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: ## Maximizing Efficiency with Fabworks Here are some practical tips to make the most of next-day laser cutting for your prototypes: - Make sure your designs follow our specs for the best results. Our [guide on pre-order checks](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/checks-before-ordering) has more details. - If you're working on several pieces or versions, try to bundle them into one order. This can speed up processing and delivery. - Got special requirements or a tight timeline? Just give our team a shout in the chat bubble. The more we know, the better we can help you out. ## Beyond Prototyping: Scaling Up Production Once you've perfected your prototype using our next day [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting), Fabworks is equipped to support your transition to full-scale production. Our high-capacity laser cutting machine and additional services like bending and hardware insertion can accommodate larger orders while maintaining the quality and precision you expect. By utilizing Fabworks' next day [laser cutting services](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting), you can dramatically accelerate your product development cycle. Whether you're a startup racing to market or an established company looking to innovate quickly, our rapid prototyping services provide the speed and flexibility you need to stay ahead of the competition. Remember, in the world of product development, time is often the most valuable resource. With Fabworks as your partner, you can make every moment count, turning your ideas into reality faster than ever before. # Optimizing the cost of Laser Cut Parts In today's competitive manufacturing landscape, cost optimization is crucial for maintaining profitability and staying ahead of the competition. This blog post will explore key strategies for optimizing parts for cost, focusing on design considerations that can significantly impact your bottom line. ## Minimize Overall Material Usage One of the most straightforward ways to reduce costs is by minimizing the amount of material used in each part. This can be achieved through: - Lightweight design: Use engineering tricks such as strength bends to create parts that are strong yet use less material. - Proper sizing: Avoid overdesigning parts with unnecessary bulk, use thinner material when possible. - Material selection: Choose cost-effective materials that meet performance requirements without excess. ## Simplify Part Shapes Weird shapes often lead to increased manufacturing costs. Make sure your part does not contain excessive unneeded protrusions. As you can see in the images below both parts are similarly priced, even though one contains more material than the other. You can consider "material cost" as the cost of the material that would be used if you cut out the line drawn by a string wrapped tightly around the perimeter of your part. ::div{.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} ![long protruded part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/optimizing-for-cost/optimizing-for-cost-1.webp){.flex-auto.max-w-sm.w-sm.mx-auto.mb-0 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ![connected part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/optimizing-for-cost/optimizing-for-cost-2.webp){.flex-auto.max-w-sm.w-sm.mx-auto.mb-0 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} :: ## Reduce the Number of Cutouts While holes and cutouts can be necessary for functionality, they increase manufacturing time and thus cost. To optimize your parts with this in mind: - Evaluate the necessity of each cutout and hole: Eliminate any that aren't critical for the part's function. - Combine cutouts where possible: If your part has a lot of holes in a line, consider making it a single slot or a few if strength permits. This will reduce the number of times the laser has to turn off and on, leading to faster production and reduced cost. ::div{.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} ![long protruded part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/optimizing-for-cost/optimizing-for-cost-5.webp){.flex-auto.max-w-sm.w-sm.mx-auto.mb-0 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ![connected part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/optimizing-for-cost/optimizing-for-cost-6.webp){.flex-auto.max-w-sm.w-sm.mx-auto.mb-0 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} :: ## Minimize the Number of Bends Bending operations add time and complexity to the manufacturing process. To reduce costs: - Keep the number of bends to a minimum: Each bend requires additional setup and processing time. - Consider splitting parts into multiple sections: Sometimes, it's more cost-effective to produce several simpler parts and assemble them rather than creating one complex, bent part. - Use standard bend angles: Its usually easier to bend and validate a 90 degree angle, but something like 92 degrees is more annoying. ## Tapping and Countersinking Tapping and countersinking are common operations in part manufacturing that can significantly impact costs. The most cost-effective approach depends largely on your production volume: ### For Small Volume Production: - DIY Approach: For small batches, it might be more cost-effective to perform tapping and countersinking in-house. - Benefits: - Lower upfront costs - More control over the process - Flexibility to make changes quickly - Considerations: - Requires appropriate tools - May be time-consuming for complex parts or larger quantities - Consistency can be challenging to maintain across parts ### For Large Scale Production: If you need hundreds of parts made it might be cheaper to have your parts processed by Fabworks. - Benefits: - Reduced per-part costs - Higher precision and consistency - Faster turnaround for large quantities - Considerations: - May have higher upfront costs - Less flexibility for last-minute changes ### Finding the Break-Even Point: - Analyze your specific situation: Calculate the costs of in-house vs. outsourced operations for different production volumes. - Consider factors like: - Labor costs - Equipment investment - Production speed - Quality requirements - Determine the volume at which outsourcing becomes more cost-effective than in-house operations. By carefully considering your tapping and countersinking strategy based on your production volume, you can optimize costs while maintaining quality. For startups or small-scale production, the DIY approach might be more economical. As your production scales up, transitioning to professional fabrication services can lead to significant cost savings and improved efficiency. ## Conclusion By focusing on part cost you can reduce the overall cost of your project. Remember, the goal is to balance functionality with manufacturability. Always consider the entire production process when designing parts, and don't hesitate to consult with manufacturing experts to find the best cost-saving solutions for your specific needs. Implementing these strategies can lead to substantial savings in material costs, production time, and overall manufacturing expenses, giving your business a competitive edge in the market. # Powder Coating Guide Powder coating is an amazing choice for adding a protective finish to metal, especially in laser cut parts, due to its protective properties. Unlike traditional paint, powder coating is exceptionally robust, serving as a shield against corrosion, nicks, and scratches. ## How does powder coating work? Powder coating involves coating the surface with a dry powder so it can later be melted, hardened, and cured to create a uniform protective layer. This powder is available in virtually any color and can be modified to change the finish of the part. Fabworks offers [powder coating](https://www.fabworks.com/services/powder-coating) in a wide variety of colors and finishes. ## How long does a powder coating last? The time a powder coat lasts depends on many different things, primarily the environment the part is in, and the level of maintenance given to the surface. Powder coating is known for its durability compared to standard paint, and can last for many years if in the right conditions. When properly cared for a powder coat is very resistant to chipping, or fading. But if exposed to extreme environments the lifespan of the coat will be affected. To maintain your powder coat, use non-hard methods of cleaning such as mild soap with water. Don’t use abrasive cleaners or harsh chemicals. ## Designing around Powder Coating Powder coating can slightly alter the dimensions of your part by adding between 2 and 4 thousandths of an inch to each surface. Make sure to tolerance parts correctly to ensure a proper fit. ## Powder Coating with Fabworks Fabworks offers many different colors and finishes for your laser cut parts manufactured with our [laser cutting service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). ![Powder coated sheet metal parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/powder-coating-guide/powder-coating-guide-1.webp) Powder coating offers excellent protection and aesthetic enhancement for metal parts. At Fabworks, we provide a variety of colors and finishes to suit your needs. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our support team. # How to Prevent Rust on Laser Cut Parts Laser cutting is a precise and efficient method for creating custom metal parts, but one common challenge that arises after the cutting process is rust prevention. Rust can compromise the integrity, appearance, and functionality of your metal components. In this guide, we'll explore effective strategies to keep your laser cut parts rust-free, ensuring they maintain their quality and performance over time. ## Understanding Rust Formation Before diving into prevention methods, it's crucial to understand what causes rust. Rust forms when iron or steel is exposed to oxygen and moisture, resulting in iron oxide. This chemical reaction can be accelerated by factors like salt, acids, or other corrosive substances in the environment. ## Choosing the Right Material The first step in rust prevention begins with material selection. At Fabworks, we offer a range of materials for our laser cutting service, including options that are naturally resistant to rust: 1. Stainless Steel: Our 304-2B stainless steel is an excellent choice for projects requiring high corrosion resistance. It contains chromium, which forms a protective oxide layer, making it highly resistant to rust and ideal for applications in harsh environments. 2. Aluminum: We offer several aluminum alloys (5052-H32, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6) that are naturally corrosion-resistant. Aluminum forms a thin oxide layer when exposed to air, protecting it from further oxidation. If your project requires the use of mild steel or other rust-prone materials, don't worry – there are still plenty of ways to protect your parts post-production. ![aluminum laser cut part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/preventing-rust/preventing-rust-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Surface Treatments and Coatings After laser cutting, several surface treatments can be applied to protect your metal parts: 1. Powder Coating: Fabworks offers a comprehensive [powder coating service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/powder-coating) that not only adds color to your parts but also provides excellent protection against rust. Our powder coating process creates a hard finish that is tougher than conventional paint, offering superior resistance to chemicals, corrosion, and weather. 2. Oil-Based Coatings: For temporary protection, especially during shipping and storage, a light coat of oil can be applied to the metal surface. This creates a barrier against moisture and oxygen. 3. Paint: While not a service we directly offer, painting your laser cut parts can provide both aesthetic appeal and rust protection. Ensure the surface is clean and properly primed before painting for the best results. 4. Chemical Treatments: Phosphating or bluing are chemical processes that can be applied to steel to improve its corrosion resistance. These treatments are typically done by specialized finishing companies. ![powder coated laser cut part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/preventing-rust/preventing-rust-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Design Considerations for Rust Prevention When designing your parts for laser cutting, consider these tips to minimize rust potential: 1. Avoid Water Traps: Design parts with proper drainage to prevent water accumulation. Standing water is a primary culprit in rust formation. 2. Ventilation: If your part will be used in an enclosure, include ventilation holes to allow moisture to escape. 3. Material Thickness: In some cases, using slightly thicker material can provide a longer lifespan in corrosive environments, as it takes longer for rust to compromise the part's integrity. ## Post-Production Care After receiving your laser cut parts from Fabworks, proper handling and storage are crucial: 1. Keep It Dry: Store your parts in a dry environment. If possible, use desiccants in storage containers to absorb moisture. 2. Handle with Care: Wear gloves when handling bare metal parts to avoid transferring oils and moisture from your skin. 3. Regular Maintenance: For parts in use, regular cleaning and reapplication of protective coatings can significantly extend their lifespan. ![pallet of laser cut parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/preventing-rust/preventing-rust-3.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Frequently Asked Questions: **Which metals are most prone to rusting after laser cutting?** Iron and steel alloys are most susceptible to rust. Mild steel, which is commonly used in laser cutting projects, is particularly prone to rusting. Stainless steel, while more resistant, can still rust under certain conditions. **Can aluminum laser cut parts rust?** Aluminum doesn't rust in the traditional sense, but it can corrode. However, aluminum forms a natural oxide layer that protects it from further corrosion, making it highly resistant to rust-like damage. **What's the best way to store laser cut metal parts to prevent rust?** Store parts in a dry environment with low humidity. Using desiccants in storage containers can help absorb excess moisture. For long-term storage, consider applying a light coat of oil or a rust inhibitor to bare metal surfaces. **Can I remove rust from laser cut parts if it has already formed?** Yes, light surface rust can often be removed using mechanical methods like sanding or wire brushing, or chemical rust removers. However, prevention is always better than cure, as removing rust may affect the part's dimensions or surface finish. **How do Fabworks' material options contribute to rust prevention?** We offer several rust-resistant materials: - 304-2B Stainless Steel: Highly resistant to corrosion and rust - Aluminum alloys (5052-H32, 6061-T6, 7075-T6): Naturally corrosion-resistant - For mild steel parts, we recommend considering our powder coating service for added protection **How quickly can rust form on untreated laser cut steel parts?** The rate of rust formation can vary widely depending on environmental conditions. In highly humid or salty environments, rust can start forming within hours. In more controlled environments, it may take days or weeks. It's best to apply protective measures as soon as possible after laser cutting. ## Conclusion Preventing rust on laser cut metal parts involves a combination of smart material selection, appropriate design, protective coatings, and proper care. By partnering with Fabworks for your laser cutting needs, you gain access to high-quality materials and finishing options that can significantly enhance your parts' resistance to rust. Remember, while some level of maintenance may always be necessary for certain applications, starting with the right material and finish can drastically reduce the ongoing effort required to keep your parts in top condition. For more information on our laser cutting services, material options, or powder coating capabilities, don't hesitate to reach out to our team. We're here to help ensure your parts not only meet your design specifications but also stand the test of time. # SendCutSend Alternatives: A Buyer's Guide for 2026 Looking for SendCutSend alternatives? This guide covers the four services closest to Send Cut Send's own workflow, **instant online quoting** for laser cut and formed sheet metal, and each one wins on something different: Fabworks on lead time and automatic configuration, OSH Cut on thick material capacity and design feedback, Xometry on the range of processes available through its network, and Ponoko on non-metal materials and small rush orders. Skim the quick facts for each shop, then use the questions at the end to match one to your parts. Every lead time here is a claimed figure from each company's own site, not an independent test. ## Fabworks [Fabworks](https://www.fabworks.com) is an online sheet metal shop in Ventura, California. Every part is configured automatically: upload a STEP file and the platform reads thickness, bends, and tube profiles straight from the model, and detects hardware, countersinking, and tapping directly from the geometry. No flat patterns, no per-part forms, no manually adding services one at a time. **Quick facts** - Claimed lead time of **1-2 business days** on laser cutting, next-day available on eligible small orders - No order minimums - Tube laser cutting quoted in the same flow as flat and bent parts - Hardware, countersinking, and tapping detected automatically from the model - Full finishing lineup: [bending](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending), [countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/services/countersinking), [tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping), [hardware insertion](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware), [powder coating](https://www.fabworks.com/services/powder-coating) - Materials: 5052/6061/7075 aluminum, 1008/A36/G90 steel, 304/316 stainless (sheet); 6061 aluminum, A513/A519 steel (tube) - Tolerance +/- 0.005", parts up to 96" x 47", thickness up to 0.5" mild steel / 0.375" stainless / 0.25" aluminum - **Not available yet:** CNC milling, waterjet, 3D printing, injection molding, copper, brass, titanium **What customers say:** Fast turnaround, precise parts, competitive pricing, and responsive communication, with engineering teams and FIRST Robotics groups making up much of the public feedback. **The pitch:** Lead time and configuration. Claimed standard laser cutting lead time is 1-2 business days against a typical 2-4 elsewhere, and nothing needs manual setup. See the full [Fabworks vs. SendCutSend comparison](https://www.fabworks.com/fabworks-vs-send-cut-send) for size limits and more. ## SendCutSend The service most people already know, and still a strong choice if you want one shop that covers metal, plastics, and composites. **Quick facts** - Ships from Nevada, Kentucky, and Texas - Quotes both 2D vector files and 3D STEP files - 175+ materials, including plastics, composites, titanium, and copper - Claimed standard lead time of **2-4 business days** - Max part size around 56" x 44" on a custom quote - Also offers CNC milling, waterjet, and CNC routing **What customers say:** Quality and precision of cuts, fast turnaround, and pricing that customers see as good value. **The tradeoff:** Configuration is manual across nearly the whole flow, not just thickness. You pick thickness from a list, and add each service one at a time rather than having any of it read from the model. Worth it if you need the larger material selection, but it is a lot more setup than a straightforward bracket needs. ## OSH Cut OSH Cut is an in-house sheet metal shop in Utah with an easy-to-use quoting site built around a strong DFM checker, and the go-to on this list for thick material. **Quick facts** - Instant quoting with a built-in DFM check - Claimed standard lead time of **2 business days** on laser cutting, with same-day expedited available at checkout - Cuts sheet up to 1.0" thick and tube wall up to 0.375" thick, the highest thickness capacity of any shop on this list - Offers [tube laser cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tube-laser-cutting), [countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/services/countersinking), [tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping), [hardware insertion](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware), [powder coating](https://www.fabworks.com/services/powder-coating) - Ships from Utah **What customers say:** Tight-tolerance quality and finish, useful design feedback instead of silently accepting bad geometry. **The tradeoff:** OSH Cut's finishing stack overlaps heavily with Fabworks, so quote the same parts at both and let your geometry, selected lead time, and zip code decide. Fabworks is the cleaner first stop when you want common sheet metal parts configured from STEP files with tapping or hardware in the same quote flow. See the full [Fabworks vs. OSH Cut comparison](https://www.fabworks.com/fabworks-vs-osh-cut) for lead-time and price-comparison notes, or OSH Cut's [own comparison against SendCutSend](https://www.oshcut.com/osh-cut-vs-send-cut-send){rel=""nofollow""} for their side-by-side. ## Xometry Xometry is the odd one out on this list, and worth including anyway: a massive manufacturing marketplace rather than a shop that cuts your parts itself. For sheet metal specifically, Xometry does not fabricate in house. It routes your order to a supplier in its network, and its site says as much: "we will utilize our diverse manufacturing network to find the right supplier for the job." **Quick facts** - Auto-quoted instantly for standard materials and tolerances down to +/- 0.005"; anything outside that (unusual material or finish combos, tighter tolerances, custom hardware) falls back to a manual engineering quote - Claimed standard lead time of **3 business days** on sheet metal, increasing with quantity and complexity - No order minimums - [Tube laser cutting](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tube-laser-cutting) offered as a separate instant-quote service line - Materials: aluminum (1100-H14, 5052-H32, 6061), steel (1018, 1045, A36, A653 galvanized), stainless (301, 304, 316/316L), plus a much wider metals list on the laser cutting page specifically - Finishing options like powder coat and plating are listed, but read as manual add-ons rather than instant checkout toggles - Max part size varies by which network supplier takes the job; Xometry's own pages cite different figures for sheet metal versus laser cutting, so treat any size claim as approximate until your specific quote confirms it **What customers say:** Fast, accurate instant quoting and the wide range of processes available in one place. Some customers report inconsistent pricing between repeat orders of the same parts, which tracks with a network model where a different supplier can fulfill the job each time. **The tradeoff:** Xometry is not a single shop, it is a marketplace. That is genuinely useful if your project spans sheet metal, CNC machining, and injection molding and you want one vendor relationship instead of three. It also means the shop that makes your brackets this month may not be the same one that makes them next month, and "instant" pricing quietly stops being instant the moment your parts fall outside their standard menu. See the full [Fabworks vs. Xometry comparison](https://www.fabworks.com/fabworks-vs-xometry) for how the two approaches differ on sheet metal. ## Ponoko Ponoko started in laser cutting for makers and has grown into a broader digital fabrication service. **Quick facts** - Instant quoting with DFM checks - No order minimums - Claimed same-day lead time on rush orders placed before 11am - Also offers 3D printing and injection molding - Metal finishing covers most of Fabworks': [bending](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending), [countersinking](https://www.fabworks.com/services/countersinking), [tapping](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping), press-fit [hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/services/hardware), [powder coating](https://www.fabworks.com/services/powder-coating), but no tube laser cutting **What customers say:** Knowledgeable, responsive service, and fast small orders. Some reviews mention occasional mistakes and delays, worth weighing if your schedule has no slack. **The tradeoff:** Ponoko covers more processes than anyone else on this list, at the cost of being less specialized in metal than the shops that do nothing else. ## Which SendCutSend alternative should you pick? The finishing stacks are nearly identical across Fabworks and OSH Cut: laser cutting, tube laser cutting, bending, countersinking, tapping, hardware insertion, and powder coating. Ponoko covers the same list except tube laser cutting. Xometry technically offers a wider range of processes through its network, but not all of them as instant, self-serve options the way the direct shops do. The real differences among the direct shops are lead time, configuration, pricing on your specific parts, and where each one ships from. If you have already ordered from a service like this before, the decision usually comes down to a few practical questions rather than the basics. **Need everything faster?** Fabworks reads thickness, bends, and tube profiles from the STEP file automatically, and detects hardware, countersinking, and tapping on its own. SendCutSend has you pick thickness from a list and configure nearly every service one at a time. If you are placing repeat orders, that difference adds up. **Is tube laser cutting part of the order?** Fabworks, OSH Cut, and Xometry all quote it directly. SendCutSend and Ponoko do not offer it. **How close is the shop to where the parts are going?** Fabworks ships from Southern California. OSH Cut ships from Utah, and SendCutSend from Nevada, Kentucky, or Texas. Shorter ground shipping is often the easiest lead time win available, so it is worth checking where each shop's nearest facility actually is relative to your address. **Do the parts need a material outside aluminum, steel, and stainless?** Fabworks and OSH Cut are metal only, so that rules them out fast for mixed-material jobs. SendCutSend and Ponoko both cut plastics and composites. **What is the actual lead time and price on these specific parts?** Every lead time above is a claimed figure, published by the company, not something we timed ourselves: Fabworks claims 1-2 business days, SendCutSend 2-4, OSH Cut 2, and Xometry 3 on sheet metal, with Ponoko's same-day claim on rush orders placed before 11am. Claimed numbers are a starting point, not a guarantee, and Xometry's can shift further once a job routes to a specific supplier. The only way to know for certain is to quote your actual parts at more than one shop and compare what shows up at checkout. To see where Fabworks lands on your parts, [upload a STEP file and get an instant quote](https://www.fabworks.com). # Everything to Consider when Designing Sheet Metal Parts Sheet metal bending is a fundamental process in the manufacturing industry, used to create various components and products across numerous sectors, from automotive to aerospace, electronics, and architecture. While the physical act of bending sheet metal involves machines, tools, and technical expertise, the design process is equally critical. Proper planning, understanding of material properties, and meticulous design are key to ensuring quality, efficiency, and functionality in the final product. In this guide, we will explore the essential techniques, tips, and best practices for sheet metal bending, with a strong focus on the design process. By following these guidelines, designers can ensure their creations are not only manufacturable but also optimized for performance and cost-effectiveness. ## Understanding Material Properties Before starting the design process, it's crucial to understand the material properties of the sheet metal you're working with. Different materials have unique characteristics that affect how they bend, including: - Ductility: The ability of the material to deform without fracturing. - Tensile Strength: The maximum stress the material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. - Bend Radius: The minimum radius you can bend the material without causing damage. - Thickness: The gauge or thickness of the sheet metal, which directly impacts the bending force required. Always consider the material's bendability and thickness when designing. Thicker materials may require larger bend radii and more force, while highly ductile materials can handle tighter bends. ## Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction Bend allowance and bend deduction are critical concepts in sheet metal design that help determine the precise dimensions of the part after bending. - Bend Allowance: The length of the neutral axis between the bend lines. This accounts for the material stretching during the bending process. - Bend Deduction: The difference between the initial flat length and the final length after bending. It helps to calculate the required blank size. ::warning If Fabworks is bending your parts this is handled for you! Bend lengths are held to a +/- 0.15" tolerance. :: ## Minimum Bend Radius The minimum bend radius is the smallest possible radius you can apply to a bend without causing cracking or material failure. This value depends on both the material and its thickness. Always adhere to the recommended minimum bend radius for your material. Designing bends with smaller radii than the material can handle may result in cracks, weak points, or even failure during the manufacturing process. ::note If Fabworks is bending your parts the bend radius is 1mm(0.039") for materials thinner than 0.16" and 4mm for 0.16" and thicker. :: ## K-Factor and Bend Relief The K-Factor is a crucial variable in sheet metal bending design that defines the ratio of the material's neutral axis to the thickness of the sheet. It affects the bend allowance and overall accuracy of the design. Bend Relief: This is an additional feature added to the design to prevent tearing or deformation near the bend area. It’s especially important when the bend is close to edges or other bends. ![sheet metal bend relief](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/sheet-metal-part-considerations/sheet-metal-part-considerations-1-960.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} Incorporate bend reliefs into your designs wherever necessary, particularly in complex parts. The K-Factor should be calculated based on material type, thickness, and bend angle to improve accuracy. ## Bending Sequence and Tolerances The order in which bends are performed (bending sequence) can greatly affect the manufacturability and accuracy of the final part. Improper sequencing can lead to distortion, misalignment, or even part failure. Tolerances: During the design phase, it's important to define acceptable tolerances for bends, ensuring that deviations from the intended design are within permissible limits. When using the [Fabworks Bending Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) please refer to the [Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) for tolerance information. ## Avoiding Common Design Pitfalls - Over-Complicating Designs: Complex designs with excessive bends, tight tolerances, or unnecessary features can increase costs and reduce manufacturability. Simplifying designs where possible can lead to more efficient production. - Insufficient Edge Distances: Placing bends too close to edges or holes can weaken the part and lead to deformation. ## Leveraging Design Software Modern CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software offers powerful tools for designing sheet metal parts. These tools can automatically calculate bend allowances, simulate bending processes, and detect potential issues before production begins. Invest time in learning and utilizing sheet metal-specific features in your CAD software. Many programs offer libraries of materials, pre-set bend radii, and automated flattening tools that can save time and improve design accuracy. ## Collaboration with Manufacturers Designing for manufacturability (DFM) is a critical consideration in sheet metal bending. Collaborating closely with your manufacturing partners can help ensure that your design is feasible, cost-effective, and optimized for their equipment and processes. If you are looking to manufacture your part with us don't hesitate to reach out to our support team if you have manufacturability concerns. ::note Engage with manufacturers early in the design process to gather feedback on your designs. They can provide valuable insights into material choices, bending techniques, and potential cost-saving measures. :: ## Prototyping and Testing Before committing to full-scale production, prototyping is essential. Building and testing a prototype allows you to identify and address any design flaws, ensure that the part performs as expected, and make any necessary adjustments. Include prototyping in your design timeline and budget. Testing your design in real-world conditions can prevent costly revisions and ensure the final product meets all requirements. ## Sheet Metal Bending with Fabworks At Fabworks, we specialize in precision sheet metal bending services that meet the diverse needs of industries ranging from automotive to electronics and beyond. Our state-of-the-art equipment and experienced technicians ensure that every part we produce meets the highest standards of quality and accuracy. Lots of the design considerations can be simplified by referencing [Fabworks' Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) instead of doing complex material analysis. For example bend radius is standardized, and the distortion zone for various materials and thicknesses are listed for you. ## Summary Sheet metal bending is a complex process that requires careful planning and consideration, especially during the design phase. By understanding material properties, calculating accurate bend allowances, and collaborating with manufacturers, designers can create high-quality, manufacturable parts. Avoiding common design pitfalls and leveraging modern software tools will further enhance your designs, ensuring they meet performance, cost, and manufacturing goals. Whether you're designing for automotive, aerospace, electronics, or any other industry, following these best practices will help you achieve success in your sheet metal bending projects. # Steel vs Aluminum Aluminum and steel are two great materials to use in many different applications. With the many different alloy varieties, it can be difficult as a manufacturer to find the perfect material that fits your needs, while also fitting in your budget. Breaking down the differences between these two alloys and their grades is a great starting point. ## Comparing Aluminum and Steel: What Sets Them Apart? These two metals are very different compositionally. Aluminum is mainly alloyed with magnesium and chromium with other metals being used to give different alloys special properties. Steel is mainly a combination of iron and carbon. There are many different types of grades of steel and aluminum, making them better for certain Applications. Fabworks offers three optimal aluminum alloys, 5052-H32, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6. The first number in the alloy name corresponds to the grade of aluminum, and the main other material in the alloy. The second number in the alloy name is used to indicate any modification done to the alloy, if no modifications were made it is left 0. The next two numbers in the first half of the name represent the specific alloy within the grade of aluminum. The second half of the alloy name denotes the temper, which adds additional properties to the aluminum. T6 denotes the aluminum was heated to a high temperature, to fully dissolve the elements in the alloy, and then artificially aged for added strength and hardness. Since Grade 5 Aluminum is unable to be heat treated like 6 and 7 Grade aluminum, it is instead strain hardened and heated to low temperatures. ![aluminum-grade-diagram](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/steel-vs-alu/steel-vs-alu-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} Steel on the other hand has more versatile combinations, which can make it hard to choose from if you do not know what you want or need. While there are countless steel alloys in existence with their own special properties, there are some alloys suited for a wide range of applications. Fabworks carries 1008, and A36 steel due to their wide range of desirable properties. 1008 steel is great for applications where extreme strength is not a priority. It is very easy to form and weld, making it easy to work with. A36 steel has a higher tensile strength than 1008 steel, while still maintaining weldability, and formability. ## Key Differences and Advantages Aluminum and steel vary in grades, tempers, and processes in which they can be produced in. This gives them different strengths, weights, and corrosion resistances. It can also change how easy they are to work with. We can start with the most basic determining factors for most clients besides cost, which is strength and weight. ## Strength Strength can be one of the most important factors when it comes to choosing which material to use. Depending on the quality and type of aluminum and steel, they can provide the same strength properties. Aluminum can be stronger than steel in some instances. However, typically steel is stronger than aluminum. ## Strength to Weight ratio With strength in mind, steel may be stronger in most aspects, however aluminum comes on top in the weight to ratio battle. If you had two parts that were the exact same in size and shape, aluminum will be a third of the weight steel is. This makes it extremely strong in the comparison of strength-to-weight. This is an example of how great it can be for applications in which weight is a determining factor. This can mainly be seen in the aerospace Industry which sees the need for lighter yet strong materials. ## Durability Durability can vary due to the environmental conditions that the material is put in, as well as the use case. Aluminum is a softer metal, which makes it weak to constant rubbing or abrasion as it can eat away at the aluminum. Its fatigue strength is cut in half compared to steel. Steel excels in shear strength and shear modulus compared to aluminum, making it better for when there will be constant high stress on the parts in the application. ## Corrosion Resistance Most steel is extremely corrosive, which can reduce fatigue and shear strength. This is where aluminum shines, as it naturally has excellent corrosion resistance. Aluminum still oxidizes and forms an oxidation layer like iron. Although iron oxidation can be brittle and flakey, aluminum oxidation does the exact opposite, it acts as a shield for the aluminum, providing aluminum with an upper hand in longevity in highly corrosive environments. However, if you mix the right alloys into steel, it can provide the same corrosion resistance as aluminum, this alloy is usually called stainless steel. Stainless steel usually has chromium-nickel in it, to give it the layer it needs for that corrosive resistance. In light of this, stainless steel provides excellent properties comparable to aluminum for which stronger shear and fatigue strength is needed in those corrosive environments. ## Thermal Conductivity and Characteristics Steel and aluminum both have a high thermal conductivity, aluminum though tends to conduct it better than steel. This makes it a great material for transferring heat, and is commonly used in heat sinks. Another important fact is aluminum has a lower melting point, while steel has a significantly higher melting point compared to aluminum. This makes steel a better material for implementation in machines or appliances found in foundries. ## Magnetic Properties Aluminum being a non-ferrous material which means it lacks the element Iron, makes it non magnetic. Due to its non magnetic characteristic, it makes a great electromagnetic shielding. This makes it great for electrical enclosures that house electronics that can be affected by external frequencies and magnetic fields. On the other hand, steel is a ferrous material as it is a composition of Iron and carbon. This makes it extremely susceptible to magnetic fields. This makes it great for applications where the magnetic field susceptibility is desired. They are used in the production of electrical motors, transformers, and many other electromagnetic components that need its efficient magnetic properties. In spite of this, it's important to note that not all steels are the same in their magnetic properties. For example most stainless steels with their addition of chromium-nickel in its composition, counteracts the ferrous materials magnetic properties, making it weak or completely non magnetic. ## Machinability and Formability Aluminum and steel are both easily formable and machinable depending on the grade. Aluminum is typically easier to machine and form compared to steel. As mentioned earlier, aluminum is a softer metal, this makes it easier to bend, and form into what the customer wants. This also makes it easier to machine into desired parts, however aluminum requires more specific tools and expertise when it comes to welding. Considering this, steel is still a relatively easily formed material, and can also be easily welded. The only type that will be difficult to form is stainless steel. Stainless steel, due to Its composition is extremely hard to form and bend. [Fabworks Sheet Metal Bending Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) can alleviate the challenges of forming stainless steel. ## Cost Considerations In spite of everything, there is still one major determining factor that can change a clients decision on what to buy, and that is cost. Even though some steel is optimal for some exterior of an appliance, alternatives can be provided, like 1008 Steel that is powder coated can provide similar environmental resistance comparable to stainless steel at a cheaper cost, as not every application will need what stainless steel has to offer. The same can be said about Aluminum, Some instances 6061 will do the same job as 7075, and for cheaper It all comes down to comparing what numbers you truly need and what each material has to offer. ## Applications and Implementation for your needs We understand that choosing the perfect material for your part can be daunting. To make the decision easier, we’ve put together a list of recommended materials for every standard use case. Let us guide you to the right choice with expert recommendations tailored to your needs. | Use Case | Recommended Material | | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | | Structural Parts | A36 Steel or 7075-T6 Aluminum | | Marine Environment | 6061-T6 Aluminum or 304-2B Stainless Steel | | Abrasive or High Wear Applications | A36 Steel | | Food Processing Equipment | 304-2B Stainless Steel | | Decorative Parts | 304-2B Stainless Steel or 6061-T6 Aluminum | | Cutting Edges | A36 Steel or 304-2B Stainless Steel | | Heat Transfer | 6061-T6 Aluminum | ## Effortless Manufacturing Starts with Fabworks When choosing a material for your manufacturing or prototyping phase, Fabworks is here to assist you in producing high-quality parts with unmatched precision. Our expertise ensures that any potential issues are minimized to one side rather than affecting the entire process. With Fabworks, you can trust that your custom cut stainless steel and aluminum parts will meet the highest standards, allowing you to focus on innovation and performance without worry. # Summer 2024 Updates We've been hard at work on the platform this spring, and we're excited to share some of the updates we've made. We hope you'll enjoy them! 🎉 ## 📁 File Parsing Improvements We've made several significant improvements to the file parsing process to enhance your experience and efficiency. ### 100x Faster file uploads File parsing speed has improved, allowing for uploads up to 100x faster, especially noticeable with parts having many features. For instance, a part with over 2000 holes now uploads in \~3 seconds instead of \~5 minutes. ![Lots of holes](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/lots-of-holes.webp){.w-1/2} ### Larger file size support You can now upload files up to 24MB in size. ### Multi-body Part Support You can now upload an STEP file with multiple bodies. Our platform will automatically split up the assembly into individual parts. Here is an example: ![Multibody part Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/multipart-onshape.webp){.w-1/2} This file was exported from Onshape as a SINGLE step file and uploaded to our platform. ![Multibody part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/multipart.webp){.w-1/2} You can see each part in the file was automatically split into multiple uploads, making it easier to manage and order large assemblies. ### Better Error Messages We've enhanced error messages to make it easier to troubleshoot issues with your file. ![Better Errors](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/better-errors.webp){.w-1/2} ## 🐇 Rapid Production We now offer the ability to expedite your production. A rapid production option will appear before checkout for eligible orders. We've also introduced Overnight Early Shipping, which guarantees AM delivery of your order. These options enable orders to be cut, shipped, and delivered in as little as 24 hours! ## 👥 Organization Management Organizations are now fully supported in Fabworks. You can create, edit, and delete organizations from the dropdown next to your user profile. Add all your team members, and all quotes and orders will be synced across your team. Each user has separate workspaces, so you can keep personal quotes and orders separate from your team's. ![orgs](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/orgs.webp){.w-1/2} ## 🕳️ New Hole Operations Menu The hole operations menu has been improved to make it easier to find the right hole operation for your part. We plan on adding more hardware and tapping options soon! ![Better Hole Operations Menu](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/summer-2024-updates/hole-ops.webp){.w-1/2} # Tapping vs PEM When it comes to tapping versus using PEM hardware, the choice largely depends on your specific application needs, including mechanical requirements and ease of assembly. Here’s a guide to help you understand the differences and make an informed decision ## What is Tapping Tapping involves creating internal threads in a pre-drilled hole to accept a screw or bolt. It’s a mechanical process where a tap tool is used to cut threads into a material. ![tapped-part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tapping-vs-pem/tapping-vs-pem-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Advantages of Tapping - Strong Mechanical Hold: Tapped threads provide a strong mechanical connection, which is beneficial for applications requiring robust fastening. - Versatility: Can be used in a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. - Cost-Effective: Tapping is generally less expensive than other methods, especially for small production runs. ## Disadvantages of Tapping - Labor-Intensive: Requires precise drilling and tapping, which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. - Material Limitations: The tapped threads can weaken the material, especially in softer or thinner materials. - Thread Wear: Threads can wear out or strip over time, especially under repeated assembly and disassembly. ## Applications - Commonly used in metalworking and assembly of parts where strong mechanical connections are needed. - Ideal for applications where frequent disassembly and reassembly are required. - Parts with thick enough material to make tapping feasible. ## What is PEM Hardware PEM hardware refers to a range of fasteners that are pressed into place without the need for threads. These are often used for quick assembly, and when your material is not thick enough for strong threads. ![pem-part](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tapping-vs-pem/tapping-vs-pem-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Advantages of PEM Hardware - Quick Assembly: PEM hardware is designed for fast insertion and assembly, reducing production time. - Reduced Material Stress: Typically less stress on the material compared to tapping, which can be beneficial for thinner or more delicate materials. ## Disadvantages of PEM Hardware - Initial Cost: The cost of PEM hardware can be higher than tapping, especially for small quantities or custom designs. - Special Equipment: May require specific insertion tools or machinery, adding to setup costs. - Less Versatile: Primarily suited for specific applications and materials, like PCBs or thin sheet metals, and not always adaptable to all designs. ## Applications: - Used to reduce part count by integrating the fastener with the part itself. - Saves weight over thickening material for the purpose of tapping. - Used in automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics where quick assembly and reliability are paramount. ## Choosing Between Tapping and PEM Hardware - Material Considerations: Assess the material you’re working with. Tapping is versatile but may weaken certain thinner materials. PEM hardware is gentle on materials but may not be suitable for all types. - Production Volume: Consider the scale of your production. Tapping might be cost-effective for smaller runs, whereas PEM hardware could be more efficient for larger volumes despite higher initial costs. - Assembly Process: Evaluate the ease and speed of assembly. PEM hardware often provides faster assembly and can reduce labor costs, which is important for high-volume production. - Durability and Maintenance: Think about how often the parts will be assembled and disassembled. Tapped threads can wear out over time especially in softer materials, while PEM hardware is designed for durability in repeated use. ## Summary Choosing between tapping and PEM hardware depends on material, volume, and assembly needs. Tapping is strong and versatile but labor-intensive and can weaken thin materials. PEM hardware enables fast, low-stress assembly, ideal for high volumes but involves higher initial costs and specialized equipment. Tapping suits smaller runs and varied materials, while PEM is efficient for large-scale production. ## Designing around PEM hardware For more information about how to integrate PEM hardware into your designs check out our [Guide on Designing with PEM Hardware](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-design-with-pem-hardware) # Laser Cut Text Signs: A Beginner's Guide Laser cut text signs are a great way to add a personalized touch to your home, office, or event space. With just a few simple steps, you can design your own unique sign and have it professionally laser cut. In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of creating a custom text sign using free software and [Fabworks' Laser Cutting Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting). ## Getting Started with Inkscape The first step in creating your custom sign is designing the text layout. We'll use Inkscape, a free vector graphics editor, for this part of the process. Open Inkscape and create a new document. Set your document size to match your desired sign dimensions. This ensures your design will fit perfectly when it's time to cut. Now comes the fun part - adding your text! Select the Text Tool(Default keybind is "S"), choose a font that suits your style and type out your message. Play around with different sizes and arrangements until you're happy with the look. ![inkscape window](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-1.webp){.max-w-lg.w-full.mx-auto} ## Preparing Your Design for Laser Cutting Once you're satisfied with your text design, it's time to prepare it for the laser cutting process. Export your Inkscape design as a DXF file, so we can import it into Onshape. ![inkscape save as dxf](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-2.webp){.max-w-lg.w-full.mx-auto.object-contain decoding="async" loading="lazy"}![inkscape save as dxf](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-3.webp){.max-w-lg.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ## Giving it depth Next, we'll use Onshape, a free cloud-based CAD platform, to turn your 2D design into a 3D model. Make a new document, and Import your DXF file into a new sketch. ![import dxf into onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-4.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} In Onshape, draw the outline of your sign around your text, we recommend making a new sketch for your sign outline to keep the original text protected from modification. This will define the shape of your finished sign. Feel free to add extra features like mounting holes, or places to put hooks to hang your sign during this step. ![import dxf into onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-5.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} Extrude the sign outline to give it thickness. The thickness you choose will depend on the material you plan to use and your personal preference. Now it's time to cut the text into your sign. Use the extrude tool again, but this time select the 'remove' option to cut the text out of your sign base. ![onshape text sign](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-6.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} One important step that's often overlooked is fixing any 'islands' in your text. These are the inner parts of letters like 'O' or 'A' that would fall out if cut. Add small connectors to keep these pieces in place, we recommend at least 2x the minimum feature size for your material and thickness. For more detailed information on your material's minimum feature size, review [our sheet material guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). ![onshape text sign](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-7.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"}![onshape text sign](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-8.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ## Bringing Your Design to Life with Fabworks With your 3D model complete, you're ready to turn your design into reality. ![fabworks metal sign](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/text-to-part/text-to-part-9.webp){.max-w-lg.w-full.mx-auto decoding="async" loading="lazy"} Export your Onshape model as a STEP file. This preserves all the 3D information needed for accurate laser cutting. We have a [guide on exporting parts as STEP from Onshape](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/how-to-export-a-step-in-onshape) if you need additional help. After that's done, head over to the [Fabworks Laser Cutting Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/laser-cutting) and upload your STEP file. Choose your preferred material and thickness, and we'll take care of the rest! Creating a custom laser cut text sign is a rewarding project that allows you to express your creativity and add a personal touch to your space. With these simple steps and Fabworks' professional laser cutting service, you can bring your unique designs to life with ease. Whether you're making a name plate for your desk, a welcome sign for your home, or a custom piece of wall art, the possibilities are endless. # Tube Lasers Explained ## What is a Tube Laser? A tube laser is a specialized cutting machine designed for processing round, square, and rectangular tube profiles. The system rotates tubes as the laser maintains focus, enabling complete 360° processing at high speed. ![fiber laser](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tube-laser-cutting/tube-laser-cutting-0.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Applications Fiber tube lasers excel in metal fabrication across industries including automotive (exhaust systems, frames), furniture manufacturing, construction (handrails, structural components), and medical equipment production. Their ability to cut complex patterns makes them ideal for both practical and decorative applications in metal tubing. ![fiber laser](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tube-laser-cutting/tube-laser-cutting-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Benefits Fiber tube lasers deliver superior performance through faster cutting speeds, exceptional precision, and greater energy efficiency. They handle reflective aluminum with ease. The focused beam creates minimal heat-affected zones, reducing material distortion and secondary finishing work. ![fiber laser](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tube-laser-cutting/tube-laser-cutting-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Fabworks Tube Laser Service Fabworks now offers tube laser cutting in addition to our normal sheet metal laser cutting! Getting a tube laser quote is as easy as normal sheet metal, simply upload a step file matching your part and configure the thickness! ![fiber laser](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/tube-laser-cutting/tube-laser-cutting-3.webp){.mx-auto.max-w-full} # What is K-Factor? When it comes to sheet metal bending, precision is everything. One of the most important factors in achieving accurate bends is understanding and applying the correct K-factor. But what exactly is K-factor, and why does it matter? Let's dive in. ## What is K-factor? K-factor is a crucial parameter used in sheet metal bending calculations. It represents the location of the neutral axis in a bent sheet metal part. The neutral axis is the theoretical line within the material thickness where neither compression nor tension occurs during bending. Specifically, K-factor is defined as the ratio of the neutral axis location to the material thickness. It typically ranges from 0.3 to 0.5. ![sheet metal bending](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/what-is-k-factor/what-is-k-factor-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Why K-factor Matters Understanding K-factor is essential for several reasons: 1. Bend Allowance Calculation: K-factor directly impacts the bend allowance, which is the length of the arc through the bend at the neutral axis. Accurate bend allowance calculations ensure your flat patterns are the correct size before bending. 2. Part Accuracy: Using the wrong K-factor can lead to parts that are too long or too short after bending, potentially causing assembly issues or part rejection. 3. Material Optimization: Proper K-factor calculations help minimize material waste by ensuring your initial flat patterns are sized correctly. ::tip If you are having your bending done through Fabworks you don't have to account for K-factor in your designs. :: ## Factors Affecting K-factor K-factor isn't a one-size-fits-all value. Several factors can influence it: 1. Material Properties: Different materials have varying levels of ductility and strength, affecting how they stretch and compress during bending. 2. Material Thickness: Thicker materials generally have a lower K-factor than thinner ones of the same type. 3. Bend Radius: Tighter bend radii tend to result in a lower K-factor. 4. Bending Method: The type of bending process (air bending, bottoming, coining) can impact the K-factor. ![k factor diagram](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/what-is-k-factor/what-is-k-factor-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Determining the Right K-factor While general guidelines and default values exist, the most accurate way to determine K-factor is through experimentation and measurement of actual bent parts. At Fabworks, we've invested significant time in testing and refining K-factors for various materials and thicknesses to ensure optimal accuracy in our sheet metal bending service. For our customers, this means you don't need to worry about K-factor calculations when designing your parts. Our advanced manufacturing processes automatically account for the correct K-factor based on your specific material. Here are the K-Factors we use at Fabworks :k-factor-bending-table ## Simplifying Sheet Metal Design Understanding K-factor is crucial for anyone involved in sheet metal design and manufacturing. However, we recognize that not every designer or engineer wants to delve into these complex calculations for every project. That's why at Fabworks, we've streamlined the process. When you use our sheet metal bending service, you can focus on your design while we handle the technical details. Our expertise in K-factor application, combined with state-of-the-art CNC bending equipment, ensures your parts are bent with precision every time. Whether you're working on a prototype or a large production run, you can trust that your sheet metal parts will be manufactured to the highest standards of accuracy. Simply upload your designs, and we'll take care of the rest, from K-factor calculations to final production. In conclusion, while K-factor is a critical component of accurate sheet metal bending, partnering with an experienced manufacturer like Fabworks can simplify your design process and ensure consistently high-quality results. Focus on innovation in your designs, and let us handle the complexities of bending calculations and manufacturing precision. # Sheet Metal Gauge Chart ## What Is Sheet Metal Gauge? Sheet metal gauge is a numbering system used to describe sheet thickness. The important rule is that **a higher gauge number means a thinner sheet**. For example, 10 gauge steel is thicker than 18 gauge steel, and 18 gauge steel is thicker than 20 gauge steel. Gauge is also material-specific. Mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum use different thickness standards, so the same gauge number does not always mean the same thickness. For example, 18 gauge mild steel is 0.0478" thick, 18 gauge stainless steel is 0.0500" thick, and 18 gauge aluminum is 0.0403" thick. Use the chart below to convert gauge to inches or millimeters by material. If you are choosing between steel and stainless, our [mild steel vs stainless steel guide](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/comparing-mild-stainless) covers the tradeoffs beyond thickness. ## Sheet Metal Gauge Chart Use this sheet metal gauge chart to compare nominal aluminum, mild steel, and stainless steel gauge thicknesses. Gauge values are reference conversions, so use the stocked material notes below the chart when designing parts for Fabworks. ::gauge-chart --- hide-controls: true initial-gauge-max: 28 initial-gauge-min: 7 show-export: true show-fabworks: false --- :: Open the [standalone sheet metal gauge chart](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/sheet-metal-gauge-chart) for a focused, shareable version of the conversion tool. If you plan to order sheet metal parts from Fabworks, design around stocked material thicknesses when possible. Stocked material keeps lead times shorter and makes quoting more predictable. For material-specific options, start with our [sheet aluminum](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum), [sheet steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/steel), and [sheet stainless steel](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/stainless-steel) pages. For 1008 steel, Fabworks stocks 0.048" (1.22 mm), 0.059" (1.50 mm), 0.074" (1.88 mm), 0.104" (2.64 mm), 0.119" (3.02 mm), 0.135" (3.43 mm), and 0.187" (4.75 mm). These are the actual stocked thicknesses to use for Fabworks designs and quotes. ## Common Gauge Thicknesses These are the gauge conversions people look up most often for mild steel. Stainless and aluminum are shown in the chart above because their thicknesses differ. ### How Thick Is 10 Gauge Steel? 10 gauge mild steel is **0.1345 inches (3.42 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 10 gauge at **0.135 inches (3.43 mm)**. In stainless steel, 10 gauge is 0.1406 inches (3.57 mm). In aluminum, 10 gauge is 0.1019 inches (2.59 mm). It is a heavy gauge for structural brackets, mounts, frames, and parts that need high rigidity. ### How Thick Is 11 Gauge Steel? 11 gauge mild steel is **0.1196 inches (3.04 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 11 gauge at **0.119 inches (3.02 mm)**. In stainless steel, 11 gauge is 0.1250 inches (3.18 mm). In aluminum, 11 gauge is 0.0907 inches (2.30 mm). It is useful when you need strength close to 10 gauge with slightly lower weight. ### How Thick Is 12 Gauge Steel? 12 gauge mild steel is **0.1046 inches (2.66 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 12 gauge at **0.104 inches (2.64 mm)**. In stainless steel, 12 gauge is 0.1094 inches (2.78 mm). In aluminum, 12 gauge is 0.0808 inches (2.05 mm). It is a common choice for enclosures, brackets, and structural parts. ### How Thick Is 14 Gauge Steel? 14 gauge mild steel is **0.0747 inches (1.90 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 14 gauge at **0.074 inches (1.88 mm)**. In stainless steel, 14 gauge is 0.0781 inches (1.98 mm). In aluminum, 14 gauge is 0.0641 inches (1.63 mm). It is one of the most common gauges for laser-cut sheet metal parts because it balances strength, bendability, and cost. ### How Thick Is 16 Gauge Steel? 16 gauge mild steel is **0.0598 inches (1.52 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 16 gauge at **0.059 inches (1.50 mm)**. In stainless steel, 16 gauge is 0.0625 inches (1.59 mm). In aluminum, 16 gauge is 0.0508 inches (1.29 mm). It works well for panels, covers, enclosures, and parts that need moderate stiffness. ### How Thick Is 18 Gauge Steel? 18 gauge mild steel is **0.0478 inches (1.21 mm)** thick as a nominal gauge reference. Fabworks stocks 1008 steel near 18 gauge at **0.048 inches (1.22 mm)**. In stainless steel, 18 gauge is 0.0500 inches (1.27 mm). In aluminum, 18 gauge is 0.0403 inches (1.02 mm). It is lightweight, easy to bend, and common for covers, electronics enclosures, and light-duty brackets. ### How Thick Is 20 Gauge Steel? 20 gauge mild steel is **0.0359 inches (0.91 mm)** thick. In stainless steel, 20 gauge is 0.0375 inches (0.95 mm). In aluminum, 20 gauge is 0.0320 inches (0.81 mm). It is best for light covers, decorative panels, and parts where low weight matters more than rigidity. ### How Thick Is 22 Gauge Steel? 22 gauge mild steel is **0.0299 inches (0.76 mm)** thick. In stainless steel, 22 gauge is 0.0313 inches (0.79 mm). In aluminum, 22 gauge is 0.0253 inches (0.64 mm). It is a thin sheet metal gauge used for lightweight covers, fixtures, and decorative sheet parts. ## Which Sheet Metal Gauge Should I Use? The right sheet metal gauge depends on strength, stiffness, weight, bendability, and available material. As a starting point: - **7-10 gauge**: heavy structural parts, frames, thick mounting plates, and parts that need high stiffness. - **11-14 gauge**: general fabrication, enclosures, brackets, and parts that need a strong but still workable sheet thickness. - **16-18 gauge**: common laser-cut sheet metal parts, covers, panels, and light-duty brackets. - **20-24 gauge**: lightweight housings, interior panels, decorative parts, and thin covers. - **26-30 gauge**: very thin sheet metal, flashing, shims, and non-structural covers. When in doubt, 16 or 18 gauge is a good starting point for many custom sheet metal parts. If the part carries load, takes impact, or needs to resist flexing, move thicker. If weight is more important than stiffness, move thinner. ## What to Consider When Choosing Gauge - **Strength**: Lower gauge numbers are thicker and resist deflection better. - **Weight**: Thinner gauges reduce part weight but can flex more. - **Bendability**: Thick material needs more bending force and larger bend radii. - **Cost**: Thicker sheets cost more and can take longer to cut. - **Material**: Steel, aluminum, and stainless steel have different stiffness, corrosion resistance, and gauge thicknesses. - **Stock availability**: Designing around stocked sheet thicknesses can reduce cost and lead time. If you are designing a part that will be bent, also review our [sheet metal bending guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) before finalizing your thickness. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### Does a higher gauge number mean thicker or thinner sheet metal? A higher gauge number means thinner sheet metal. Gauge numbers run in reverse: 10 gauge is thicker than 14 gauge, 14 gauge is thicker than 18 gauge, and 18 gauge is thicker than 20 gauge. ### Why is 18 gauge steel different from 18 gauge aluminum? Gauge standards are material-specific. The same gauge number can convert to different physical thicknesses depending on whether the material is mild steel, stainless steel, or aluminum. ### What gauge is most common for laser-cut sheet metal parts? 14, 16, and 18 gauge are common for custom laser-cut sheet metal parts. 14 gauge is stronger, 16 gauge is a balanced middle option, and 18 gauge is lighter and easier to bend. ### How do I convert sheet metal gauge to inches or millimeters? Use a material-specific gauge chart. Find the gauge number in the first column, then read the thickness for the correct material in inches or millimeters. Do not use a steel gauge chart for aluminum or stainless steel. ### Is 18 gauge thicker than 20 gauge? Yes. 18 gauge is thicker than 20 gauge. For mild steel, 18 gauge is 0.0478 inches (1.21 mm), while 20 gauge is 0.0359 inches (0.91 mm). # What is the Distortion Zone? Bend allowance is simply a "keep out" ## Why is the Distortion Zone Important? **Accurate Fabrication**: Distortion Zones play a crucial role in the accuracy of sheet metal parts. Without proper accommodation, the final product may deviate from the intended design, leading to misalignments and assembly issues. By accounting for the distortion zone, designers can ensure that the part fits perfectly within the assembly, reducing the need for costly rework. **Material Efficiency:** One of the primary concerns in sheet metal design is material utilization. Incorrect distortion zone accommodation can lead to material wastage by cutting parts that do not fit the design specifications. **Consistent Production:** In mass production, consistency is key. Accounting for distortion zones help in maintaining uniformity across multiple parts, ensuring that each piece meets the required specifications. This is especially important in industries like automotive, where thousands of identical parts are produced, and any deviation can lead to significant issues in the final product. **Time Efficiency:** Accurate distortion zone accommodation saves time in both the design and manufacturing phases. Designers can create precise drawings without the need for extensive trial and error. In the manufacturing phase, it ensures that parts are produced correctly on the first attempt, reducing the need for adjustments and rework. **Cost Reduction:** By ensuring accurate fabrication, material efficiency, and consistent production, accounting for distortion zones directly contributes to cost reduction. Fewer errors mean less waste and rework, and optimized material usage reduces the overall cost of production. This makes distortion zones a critical factor in keeping manufacturing costs under control. ::div{style="display:flex"} ![flat sheet parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/what-is-distortion-zone/what-is-distortion-zone-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0.5%; align: left"} ![bent sheet metal parts](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/what-is-distortion-zone/what-is-distortion-zone-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0.5%; align: right"} :: ## Factors Affecting Distortion Zone Several factors influence the size of the distortion zone. - Material Thickness: Thicker materials require more allowance due to the increased distance that the neutral axis must travel during bending. - Bend Radius: A smaller bend radius increases the amount of stretching on the outer surface, requiring more allowance. - Material Type: Different materials have varying levels of elasticity and ductility, which can affect how they behave during bending. ## How to account for the Distortion Zone The distortion zone is simply a distance in both directions from the bend line that you can consider "keep out" zone. As long as your keep your critical features outside of this area distortion will not change their dimensions. If you are having your parts bent through the [Fabworks Bending Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/bending) you can reference the Material Table on the [Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) page to know how far from bend lines to keep clear. If you are bending parts yourself it might be best to experiment on scrap material, and make your own distortion zone table. ::warning Distortion zone is not a length centered on the bend line. It extends out in both directions from the bend line. :: ![distortion zone](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending/bending-guidelines-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## How to Manipulate the Distortion Zone The easiest way to prevent the distortion zone from interfering with features is to place those features far enough away from the bends. However sometimes this is not possible. In the case of a part with a feature very close to the bend line you can add a slit in the part to prevent that section from bending, just keep in mind this does reduce the strength of the part. See this in action here. :iframe{allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowFullScreen="true" frameBorder="0" height="560" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-DNotPw8N6I" style="display: block; margin: 0 auto" title="YouTube video player" width="315"} ## Conclusion The distortion zone is an essential consideration in sheet metal design, influencing everything from accuracy and material efficiency to production consistency and cost. By understanding and applying the correct distortion zone, designers and manufacturers can ensure high-quality, durable products that meet precise specifications. # Understanding Yield Strength vs Tensile Strength Yield strength and tensile strength are crucial material properties in engineering and design. Yield strength indicates the stress level at which a material starts to deform permanently, while tensile strength measures the maximum stress a material can handle before breaking. Understanding these properties helps ensure structures and components are safe and reliable. ## What is Yield Strength? Yield strength is the amount of stress a material can endure without permanently deforming. Imagine you have a metal rod and you start pulling it. At first, the rod stretches, but once you release the stress, it returns to its original shape. This behavior is typical up to a certain point, known as the yield point. Beyond this point, the rod begins to stretch permanently, and this is where yield strength comes into play. In simpler terms, yield strength is the stress level at which a material transitions from elastic (reversible) deformation to plastic (permanent) deformation. This property is crucial in design and engineering because it helps determine how much load a material can handle before it starts to bend or permanently change shape. ## What is Tensile Strength? Tensile strength refers to the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before it breaks. It’s the highest point on a stress-strain curve, which plots the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (deformation). To visualize it, think of the same metal rod. As you pull it, the rod gets thinner and longer until it finally snaps. The maximum stress the rod can handle right before it breaks is its tensile strength. It’s an important measure of the material’s capacity to withstand forces that attempt to pull it apart. ![stress-strain-curve](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Stress_strain_ductile.svg "Source: Nicoguaro, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons"){.max-w-md.w-full style="display: block; margin: 0 auto"} ## Key Differences Between Yield Strength and Tensile Strength - Definition of Deformation: - Yield Strength: Indicates the point at which a material will begin to deform permanently. - Tensile Strength: Indicates the maximum stress a material can endure before it fractures. - Application in Design: - Yield Strength: Useful for determining whether a material will maintain its shape under expected loads and stresses. This is critical in structural engineering, where maintaining integrity under various loads is essential. - Tensile Strength: Important for understanding the material's ultimate load-bearing capacity before failure. It helps in designing components that must not fail under maximum stress conditions. - Measurement: - Yield Strength: Measured at the yield point where the material starts to deform plastically. Often assessed using the 0.2% offset method, which identifies the stress at which the material exhibits a specified amount of permanent strain. - Tensile Strength: Measured at the peak of the stress-strain curve, representing the highest stress the material can withstand before fracturing. ## Why These Properties Matter Understanding both yield strength and tensile strength is crucial for engineers and designers to ensure that structures and components perform safely and effectively under expected loads. For instance, in construction, yield strength helps ensure that beams and supports will not permanently bend or warp under load, while tensile strength helps ensure that materials can handle extreme forces without breaking. In practical applications, these properties guide material selection and structural design. Choosing materials with appropriate yield and tensile strengths ensures reliability and safety in everything from bridges and buildings to everyday items like sports equipment and household goods. Conclusion Yield strength and tensile strength are fundamental concepts in material science and engineering, each providing critical information about a material’s performance under stress. Yield strength tells us when a material will start to permanently deform, while tensile strength reveals the maximum stress it can handle before breaking. By understanding and applying these properties, engineers and designers can create safer, more reliable structures and products. Whether you’re designing a new product or studying materials, keeping these concepts in mind will help you make informed decisions and contribute to successful, durable designs. # How do you ensure the quality of the bent parts? At Fabworks, ensuring the quality of bent parts is a top priority in our sheet metal fabrication process. We employ a multi-faceted approach that combines advanced technology, rigorous quality control measures, and expert craftsmanship. Our sheet metal bending service utilizes state-of-the-art CNC press brakes, which offer precise control and repeatability. These machines are calibrated regularly to maintain tight tolerances, allowing us to achieve consistent results across production runs. Before bending begins, our engineers carefully review each design to ensure it meets our bending guidelines. This includes checking for proper material selection, acceptable bend radii, and sufficient flange lengths. We also make sure your features are outside of the distortion zone to prevent unwanted deformation of critical features. During the bending process, our skilled technicians perform regular checks to verify that parts meet specified tolerances. We use measurement tools to confirm bend angles, flange lengths, and overall dimensions. For complex parts, we may create first article samples for customer approval before proceeding with full production. Quality control doesn't end with the bending process. Each batch of parts undergoes a final inspection before shipping. This includes visual checks for surface finish, dimensional verification, and functionality tests where applicable. We maintain strict material traceability throughout our production process. This allows us to quickly identify and address any potential issues related to material properties that could affect bend quality. By combining advanced technology, stringent quality control, and skilled craftsmanship, Fabworks ensures that every bent part we produce meets or exceeds our customers' expectations for quality and precision. If you have any specific quality concerns or requirements for your project, don't hesitate to discuss them with our team. We're always ready to tailor our processes to meet your unique needs. ## Category Bending # What bend radius is used for sheet metal parts? At Fabworks, we use a standard 1mm (0.039in) bend radius for most sheet metal parts, parts 0.16" or thicker will be bent with a 4mm (0.15in) radius. This limited selection allows us to maintain high precision and repeatability across our bending processes. Using fixed bend radii simplifies the design process for our customers. When creating your CAD models, you can always set the bend radius from memory without having to reference separate charts or guidelines for different materials. If you model your parts with a different radius, our software will automatically adjust it to our standard during the quoting process. However we recommend using the correct bend radius in your design to ensure perfect parity between your model and the final part. It's important to note that while we use these standard radius, the actual formed radius may vary slightly depending on factors like material properties and thickness. However, our skilled technicians and advanced equipment ensure that any variations are minimal and within standard tolerances. For more detailed information on our bending capabilities and guidelines, please refer to our [Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) page or reach out to our support team. ## Category Bending # What is the tolerance of sheet metal bends? The tolerance of sheet metal bends typically depends on the material thickness, and the angle of the bend. With thicker materials, the bending process warps the material more, which can affect the bend angle and length more than thinner materials. To ensure the highest accuracy, model your parts with the correct bend radius, and material thickness. We try our best to account for differences in the model and the final part, but it's always best to model your parts as accurately as possible. For most sheet metal fabrication, bend tolerances usually fall within ±1° for the bend angle and ±0.015" (0.38mm) for bend length. However, for precise requirements or specific materials, it's best to consult with our engineering team for exact tolerances on your project. ## Category Bending # Is there a limit to thickness of sheet metal you can bend? The maximum thickness depends on the material, and material thickness. Materials such as 6061 and 7075 Aluminum are pretty much unbendable. We offer many thicknesses of materials that can be bent. The thickest bendable aluminum is 3/16" or 0.187"(4.75mm), the thickest bendable carbon steel is 1/4" or 0.25"(6.35mm), and the thickest bendable stainless steel is 0.12"(3.05mm). For larger orders, we can source thicker materials, but there is a reason we don't standard stock these materials. Materials that thick undergo major warping during the bending process, and the final part may not be to your specifications. If you have a project that requires thicker materials, please reach out to our support team for a custom quote. For more specific information on what thicknesses we offer, please refer to our [Bending Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/bending) page or reach out to our support team. ## Category Bending # Will my laser cut cut parts come with burrs or tabs? All parts are configured with deburring by default. However if you would like to opt out of deburring, you can do so in the quoting process. This will reduce the lead time of your parts. Here is a comparison of the two options: ::div{.container.flex.flex-wrap.mx-auto} :::div{.container.max-w-md.mr-2.mx-auto} Deburred ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-1.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :::div{.container.max-w-md.ml-2.mx-auto} Not Deburred ![captive](https://www.fabworks.com/blog/rapid-prototyping-fabworks/rapid-prototyping-fabworks-2.webp){.max-w-md.w-full.mx-auto.mt-2 decoding="async" loading="lazy"} ::: :: The not deburred part will have material left from the laser cutting process, and the surface of the material will be the raw surface showing any scuffs or scratches from handling. The deburred part will have a smooth top surface, with a texture that hides any scuffs or scratches. Any tabs left on the parts are removed regardless of the deburring option you choose. ## Category Laser Cutting # What is the standard lead-time for the Countersinking Service? The lead time for parts with countersinks is typically 1 extra day. The shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. If you have any questions about the lead time for your specific project, please reach out to our support team. We're here to help! If you have tight deadlines, and only need a few countersinks, you can always countersink the holes yourself, to potentially save a bit of time. For more information on our countersinking capabilities and guidelines, please refer to our [Countersinking Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking) page or reach out to our support team. ## Category Countersinking # Are there limitations on the material thickness for countersinking? The main limitations on material thickness related to countersinking depends on the size of the countersink. If the countersink is too large it might poke through the material, causing interference with the mating part. The easiest way to check if your countersink is too large is to model it in cad to verify that it doesn't poke through the material. To see what countersink options we offer, please refer to our [Countersinking Guidelines](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/guidelines/countersinking) page or reach out to our support team. If you have any questions about the countersinking process or need help with your design, our team is here to help. We can provide guidance on the best countersink options for your specific project and material. ## Category Countersinking # What types of countersinks can you provide? Here is the list of countersink types we offer: :hole-ops-table{type="countersink"} ## Category Countersinking # What design files do I need for Laser Cutting? For laser cutting at Fabworks, we recommend providing your designs as 3D STEP files. STEP files are ideal because they maintain all dimensions and design features accurately, ensuring your parts are fabricated precisely as intended. STEP files offer several advantages: - They preserve 3D geometry, which is crucial for parts with bends or complex features. - They allow for easier configuration of hardware insertion, tapping, and other operations. - They streamline the quoting and manufacturing process, potentially reducing lead times. When creating your design files, keep in mind: Ensure your model is to scale and uses the correct units (preferably inches). For sheet metal parts, model them in their final bent state rather than as flat patterns. Include any holes or features needed for hardware, tapping, or other operations, but do not model thread geometry, or countersinks. If you're unsure how to export your design as a STEP file, we offer guides for popular CAD software like Onshape and Fusion 360 on our [blog](https://www.fabworks.com/blog). These guides provide step-by-step instructions to help you prepare your files correctly. For the smoothest experience, always double-check your design before uploading it to our instant quoting platform. If you have any questions about file preparation or need assistance, our support team is here to help. ## Category Laser Cutting # What is the tolerance of laser cut parts? The tolerance of laser cut parts typically ranges from +/- 0.002 inches to +/- 0.05 inches, depending on various factors such as part size and feature complexity. For most standard-sized parts, Fabworks maintains an overall cutting tolerance of +/- 0.005 inches, which ensures high precision and accuracy in the final product. This tight tolerance is achievable due to the advanced fiber laser cutting technology employed by the company. When it comes to specific features like holes and slots, the tolerance can be even tighter, often reaching +/- 0.002 inches. This level of precision is particularly beneficial for parts that require exact fits or intricate designs. However, it's important to note that larger parts or features located far apart may experience slightly wider tolerances. For features or dimensions that span more than 30 inches, the tolerance may increase to +/- 0.005 inches. This slight increase is primarily due to the heat distortion that occurs during the fiber laser cutting process. As the laser moves across larger areas, the heat generated can cause minor expansions or contractions in the material, leading to slightly wider tolerances. It's worth mentioning that these tolerances are generally tighter than many other manufacturing processes this fast, making laser cutting an excellent choice for projects that demand high precision. The consistency and repeatability of laser cutting also contribute to maintaining these tight tolerances across production runs. Understanding these tolerance ranges is crucial for designers and engineers when creating parts for laser cutting. It allows for proper planning and design considerations, ensuring that the final product meets the intended specifications and fits correctly in its intended application. ## Category Laser Cutting # Do you offer deburring? Our deburring process is designed to eliminate minor flaws, scrapes, and rough edges that remain from the laser cutting process. We employ a range of techniques to ensure that your parts are smooth, clean, and ready for use or further processing. This attention to detail not only enhances the appearance of your parts but also improves their functionality and safety. When you place an order with Fabworks, deburring is automatically included in our standard service. Our advanced machinery and skilled technicians work diligently to remove any burrs or sharp edges that might have formed during the cutting process. This ensures that your parts meet the highest standards of quality and are safe to handle. It's worth noting that while deburring is our standard practice, we understand that some projects may have specific requirements. If you have any special needs or concerns regarding the finish of your parts, we encourage you to reach out to our support team. We're always happy to discuss your project in detail and tailor our services to meet your unique specifications. By including deburring as a standard part of our service, we aim to save you time and effort in post-processing. This means you can focus on your project's next steps without worrying about additional finishing work. Our goal is to provide you with parts that are ready for immediate use or assembly, streamlining your production process. You are free to opt for a non-deburred finish if you want a little less lead time, but we recommend deburring for most projects to ensure the best results. ## Category General # Will my bent sheet metal parts show die marks? Yes, there will be small score lines along the outer surface of your bent sheet metal parts. These marks are caused by the die used to bend your parts. Die marks are an inherent part of the sheet metal bending process and are generally unavoidable when using standard bending equipment. The die marks appear as subtle lines or indentations running parallel to the bend. They occur because the material is pressed against the die during bending, leaving a slight impression. The visibility of these marks can vary depending on factors like the material type, thickness, and the specific bending process used. Softer metals like aluminum may show more pronounced die marks compared to harder materials like steel. It's important to note that die marks are typically considered normal and acceptable in most sheet metal applications. They don't usually affect the structural integrity or functionality of the part. However, if you require a completely smooth surface for aesthetic reasons or specific functional requirements, you may need to consider additional finishing processes. Powder coating can be an excellent solution if you need to hide die marks and achieve a smooth, uniform appearance. This process involves applying a dry powder to the metal surface and then curing it under heat to form a durable, attractive finish. Powder coating not only conceals die marks but also provides additional protection against corrosion and wear. ## Category Bending # What is the edge quality like on laser cut parts? Edge quality on laser cut parts is generally excellent, with smooth and consistent finishes that often surpass other cutting methods. The quality of laser cut edges can vary depending on several factors, including material thickness, laser power, and cutting speed. For thinner materials, typically those less than 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) thick, laser cutting produces exceptionally smooth and uniform edges. The high-energy beam of the laser vaporizes the material quickly and cleanly, resulting in a crisp, almost polished appearance. These edges often require little to no post-processing, making them ideal for parts that will be visible in the final product or those that need to fit together precisely. As material thickness increases, there may be a slight decrease in edge quality, though it remains superior to many other cutting methods. Thicker materials require more power and slower cutting speeds, which can sometimes lead to a slightly rougher edge texture. However, this roughness is usually minimal and still provides a clean, professional finish. The type of material being cut also influences edge quality. Metals like stainless steel and aluminum tend to produce very clean edges due to their consistent composition. Materials like mild steel may occasionally show some slight oxidation or discoloration at the cut edge, but this is typically minimal and doesn't affect the overall quality or functionality of the part. It's worth noting that laser cutting often produces better edge quality than plasma cutting or waterjet cutting, especially for intricate designs or parts with small features. The precision of the laser beam allows for sharp corners and fine details that might be challenging to achieve with other methods. In some cases, particularly with thicker materials or certain alloys, you might notice a slight taper on the cut edge. This taper is usually very small, often less than 1 degree, and is a result of the way the laser beam interacts with the material as it cuts through. For most applications, this taper is negligible and doesn't impact the part's functionality. The edge quality of laser cut parts can also be influenced by the specific settings and equipment used. Modern fiber lasers, like those used at Fabworks, are capable of producing exceptionally high-quality edges across a wide range of materials and thicknesses. These advanced systems can be finely tuned to optimize edge quality for each specific job. For projects where edge quality is critical, it's always a good idea to communicate your requirements to your laser cutting service provider. They can often adjust their cutting parameters to prioritize edge quality if needed, ensuring that your parts meet your exact specifications. ## Category Laser Cutting # What is the standard lead-time for the Hardware Service? When you order parts with hardware insertion from Fabworks, you can expect the process to take slightly longer than standard laser cutting or bending services. This additional time is necessary to ensure proper installation and quality control of the hardware components. The hardware insertion process involves precise placement and secure fastening of elements like PEM nuts, studs, or standoffs into your sheet metal parts. This extra step requires careful handling and specialized equipment to guarantee that each piece of hardware is correctly positioned and firmly attached. The additional day in the lead time allows our technicians to perform these tasks with the attention to detail they require. It's important to note that the shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and includes all extra services. This means you don't need to manually calculate or estimate when your order will be ready – our system automatically factors in the additional time for hardware insertion and any other services you've selected. While the extra day might seem like a delay, it's actually a relatively quick turnaround for such a specialized service. If you're working on a time-sensitive project, it's a good idea to factor in this extra day when planning your order. By doing so, you can ensure that your parts with hardware arrive exactly when you need them, without any unexpected delays. ## Category Hardware # Do you ship outside the US? We ship to all 50 US states and Canada. If you need to ship to a country other than the US or Canada, you can ship your parts to a freight forwarder within the US, who can then forward your parts to you. We will be adding more international shipping options in the future, please reach out to us if you have any counties you would like to see added. ## Category Laser Cutting # What is your material thickness tolerance At Fabworks, we understand the importance of maintaining precise material tolerances to ensure our customers receive parts that meet their exact specifications. The thickness tolerance of sheet metal materials can vary depending on the type of metal and its specific grade. For instance, aluminum, steel, and stainless steel each have their own unique tolerances. These tolerances are typically measured in thousandths of an inch and represent the acceptable range of deviation from the nominal thickness. It's important to note that material thickness tolerances are not uniform across all thicknesses of a given material. Generally, thicker materials tend to have larger tolerances, while thinner materials have tighter tolerances. This is due to the manufacturing processes involved in creating sheet metal and the physical properties of the materials themselves. At Fabworks, we source our materials from reputable suppliers who adhere to industry standards for thickness tolerances. However, we recognize that every project has unique requirements, and we're committed to working with our customers to ensure their specific needs are met. For the most up-to-date and accurate information on material thickness tolerances, start with our [sheet material resources](https://www.fabworks.com/resources/materials/sheet/aluminum). There, you'll find detailed charts for each alloy we offer, including their respective thickness tolerances. This information is regularly updated to reflect any changes in our material offerings or industry standards. When designing your parts, it's crucial to take these tolerances into account. Even small variations in material thickness can impact the fit, form, and function of your final product, especially in applications requiring tight tolerances or precise assemblies. If you have specific concerns about material thickness tolerances for your project, we encourage you to reach out to our support team. Our experts can provide guidance on selecting the right material and thickness for your application, taking into account the tolerances and how they might affect your design. ## Category General # What is the max cuttable size for laser cutting? We can accommodate sheets as large as 60 inches by 120 inches (5 feet by 10 feet) on our laser cutter. This generous cutting area allows for the fabrication of large-scale parts and components, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. However, it's important to note that while our laser cutter can handle sheets up to 60" x 120", our standard stocked sheet size is slightly smaller at 48" x 120". This standard size is more commonly used and readily available, which helps optimize production efficiency and reduce material waste for most projects. For the majority of orders, the 48" x 120" sheet size is more than sufficient. It provides ample space for cutting multiple smaller parts or producing larger components while still maintaining excellent precision and quality. This size is particularly well-suited for industries such as automotive, aerospace, signage, and architectural applications, where larger parts are often required. If your project necessitates parts that exceed the dimensions of our standard sheet size, don't worry. We can accommodate these requests on a case-by-case basis. It's always best to reach out to our support team when you need parts that push the boundaries of our standard offerings. Our experienced staff can work with you to determine the best approach for your specific needs, whether that involves using our maximum sheet size of 60" x 120" or exploring alternative solutions such as segmenting the design or utilizing joining techniques. Remember, when designing your parts, it's always a good idea to consider the standard sheet sizes to optimize material usage and potentially reduce costs. However, knowing that we can accommodate larger sizes gives you the flexibility to think big when your project demands it. ## Category Laser Cutting # Can PEM hardware be used on all types of metal? PEM hardware is a versatile solution that can be used with all the metal types offered by Fabworks, making it an excellent choice for a wide range of projects. At Fabworks, we specialize in laser cutting and sheet metal fabrication for aluminum, mild steel, and stainless steel, and our PEM hardware options are compatible with all of these materials. For aluminum parts, which are popular due to their lightweight properties and corrosion resistance, PEM fasteners work exceptionally well. Whether you're using our 5052-H32, 6061-T6, or 7075-T6 aluminum, PEM hardware can be easily integrated into your designs. The softer nature of aluminum allows for excellent clinching and a strong, reliable connection. When it comes to mild steel, such as our 1008 cold-rolled steel or A36 hot-rolled pickled and oiled steel, PEM hardware is equally effective. These materials provide a good balance of strength and formability, making them ideal for PEM fastener installation. The hardware creates a robust connection that can withstand significant loads, perfect for structural applications or heavy-duty assemblies. Stainless steel, while harder than aluminum or mild steel, is also compatible with PEM hardware. Our 304-2B stainless steel, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, can be fitted with specially designed PEM fasteners that are capable of clinching into this tougher material. This allows you to maintain the corrosion-resistant properties of stainless steel while still benefiting from the convenience and strength of PEM fasteners. At Fabworks, we understand that different projects have different requirements. That's why our online configurator allows you to easily select and add PEM hardware to your laser-cut parts, regardless of the material you've chosen. Our system automatically ensures that the selected hardware is compatible with your chosen material and thickness, taking the guesswork out of the process. It's important to note that while PEM hardware can be used with all our materials, the specific type of fastener might vary depending on the material thickness and the load requirements of your project. Our team of experts is always available to provide guidance on the best PEM hardware options for your specific application, ensuring that you get the optimal solution for your needs. By offering PEM hardware installation as part of our services, we aim to streamline your manufacturing process. Instead of having to source and install fasteners separately, you can receive your laser-cut parts with PEM hardware already in place, saving you time and ensuring professional-grade installation. ## Category Hardware # Is there a minimum order size for projects involving PEM hardware insertion? We accommodate projects of all scales, from single prototypes to large production runs, with the same level of precision and quality. One of the key advantages of working with Fabworks for PEM hardware insertion is our flexibility in order sizes. Whether you need just a few parts for a prototype or thousands for full-scale production, we're equipped to handle your requirements efficiently. This approach allows us to cater to a diverse range of clients, from individual inventors and small startups to large manufacturing companies. Our state-of-the-art equipment and skilled technicians ensure that even small orders receive the same attention to detail as larger ones. We understand that prototyping and small-batch production are crucial stages in product development, and we're committed to supporting these processes with high-quality PEM hardware insertion services. For larger orders, our efficient processes and advanced machinery allow us to maintain consistent quality and meet tight deadlines. We've optimized our workflow to handle varying order sizes without compromising on precision or turnaround time. It's worth noting that while there's no minimum order size, the cost per part may be slightly higher for very small orders due to setup and handling requirements. However, we strive to keep our pricing competitive across all order sizes, ensuring that our services remain accessible to projects of all scales. We also offer the flexibility to combine PEM hardware insertion with other services like bending, and tapping. This integrated approach can be particularly beneficial for small orders, allowing you to get all your sheet metal fabrication needs met in one place, regardless of the project size. ## Category Hardware # What types of PEM hardware can you insert into sheet metal? PEM hardware, also known as self-clinching fasteners, offers a wide range of options for securing components in sheet metal applications. At Fabworks, we provide various types of PEM hardware to meet diverse manufacturing needs. The most common types include PEM nuts, studs, and standoffs, each designed for specific purposes and load requirements. PEM nuts are perhaps the most widely used type of self-clinching fastener. These provide strong, permanent threads in thin sheets of metal that might otherwise be too thin for traditional tapping. They come in different styles to accommodate various assembly requirements. PEM studs, on the other hand, offer externally threaded fasteners that can be permanently installed into sheet metal. These are ideal for creating strong mounting points or for situations where a male thread is needed on the exterior of an assembly. Standoffs are another crucial type of PEM hardware. These create space between two panels or components, which can be essential for airflow, cable management, or simply to achieve a desired aesthetic. PEM standoffs come in various lengths and can be either through-threaded or blind-threaded, depending on the specific application needs. It's important to note that PEM hardware is available in various materials, including steel and stainless steel, to match the base material of the sheet metal and meet specific environmental or corrosion resistance requirements. The choice of hardware depends on factors such as the thickness of the sheet metal, the expected load, and the overall design of the assembly. When designing parts for PEM hardware insertion, it's crucial to consider the minimum sheet thickness, edge distance requirements, and hole sizes specified by the manufacturer. Fabworks' expertise in PEM hardware insertion ensures that these fasteners are installed correctly, providing reliable and long-lasting connections in your sheet metal assemblies. # What is the range of bend angles you can provide? If your project requires angles beyond our bending capabilities, our team would be happy to discuss alternative solutions or design modifications to help you achieve your goals while working within our manufacturing constraints.We're committed to finding the best approach for your specific needs, balancing design requirements with manufacturability. Remember, when designing parts for bending, it's also crucial to consider factors like minimum flange length, material thickness, and the distortion zone around bends. These considerations, along with the bend angle limitations, help ensure that your parts can be manufactured accurately and efficiently. ## Category Bending # How durable is the powder coating finish? Powder coating provides an exceptionally durable finish for metal surfaces, offering superior protection and longevity compared to traditional liquid paints. The process involves electrostatically charging dry powder particles and spraying them onto a grounded metal surface. The coated piece is then heated in an oven, where the powder melts and fuses into a smooth, uniform coating. This unique application method results in a finish that is highly resistant to chipping, scratching, and corrosion. The durability of powder coating stems from its chemical composition and application process. Unlike liquid paints, powder coating forms a thick, continuous film that adheres strongly to the metal surface. This creates a barrier that is much more resistant to impacts, abrasions, and environmental factors. Powder coated surfaces can withstand exposure to UV rays, moisture, and temperature fluctuations without significant degradation. In terms of specific performance, powder coated finishes typically last 15 to 20 years before showing signs of wear, depending on the environment and usage. They are particularly resistant to fading and chalking, maintaining their color and gloss for much longer than traditional paint finishes. This makes powder coating an excellent choice for outdoor applications, such as patio furniture, architectural elements, and automotive parts. The chemical resistance of powder coating also contributes to its durability. It can withstand exposure to many solvents, acids, and alkaline solutions without breaking down or losing adhesion. This property makes powder coated surfaces easier to clean and maintain, further extending their lifespan. While powder coating is highly durable, it's important to note that proper surface preparation and application are crucial for achieving maximum durability. When applied correctly by experienced professionals, powder coating provides a finish that not only looks great but also stands up to years of use and environmental exposure. ## Category Powder Coating # What is the standard lead-time for the Powder Coating Service Powder coating typically adds 5-7 extra days to the lead time for parts ordered through Fabworks' laser cutting and sheet metal fabrication services. This additional processing time is necessary to ensure a high-quality, durable finish on your parts. The powder coating process involves several steps that contribute to this extended lead time. First, the parts must be thoroughly cleaned and prepared for coating. This may include degreasing, deburring, or chemical treatments to ensure proper adhesion of the powder. Next, the powder is applied electrostatically to the parts, which are then cured in a high-temperature oven. This baking process allows the powder to melt and form a smooth, even coating. After the initial curing, the parts may require additional finishing touches or quality checks. For more complex parts, the process may need to be repeated, further extending the lead time. It's important to note that while powder coating adds time to the overall production process, it provides significant benefits in terms of durability, aesthetics,compared to traditional liquid paint finishes. Fabworks strives to maintain efficiency throughout the powder coating process, but the nature of the technique necessitates this additional time to ensure the best possible results. When placing your order, you'll be provided with an accurate shipping date that takes into account all services requested, including powder coating. This allows you to plan your project timeline accordingly. For time-sensitive projects, it may be worth considering whether powder coating is essential or if alternative finishing methods might be suitable. However, if the benefits of powder coating are crucial to your project's success, the added lead time is generally well worth the wait for the superior finish and longevity it provides. ## Category Powder Coating # Can powder coating be applied to all types of metal? At Fabworks, all of the metals currently offered are compatible with their powder coating service, providing customers with a versatile finishing option regardless of their material choice. However, the effectiveness and longevity of powder coating can vary depending on the specific metal and its properties, so it's always best to consult with experts when considering this finish for a particular application. ## Category Powder Coating # What is the standard lead-time for laser cut parts? This quick turnaround is made possible by our state-of-the-art equipment and streamlined production processes. When you place an order for laser cut parts, our team immediately begins processing it, ensuring that your components are fabricated and shipped as quickly as possible. It's important to note that while this 1-2 day lead time applies to straightforward laser cutting jobs, more complex orders or those requiring additional services may take longer. For instance, if your parts require bending, powder coating, or specialized hole operations, you can expect the lead time to increase accordingly. These additional processes each require their own setup and execution time, which extends the overall production timeline. Our commitment to efficiency doesn't mean we compromise on quality. Each part undergoes rigorous quality control checks to ensure it meets our high standards before being shipped. We understand that time is often of the essence in manufacturing and prototyping, which is why we've optimized our workflow to provide the fastest possible turnaround without sacrificing precision or reliability. For customers with particularly urgent needs, we also offer expedited services. While these may come at an additional cost, they can further reduce lead times for those projects where every hour counts. It's always best to communicate any tight deadlines when placing your order so that we can advise on the most suitable options for your specific requirements. Keep in mind that during peak production periods or for exceptionally large orders, lead times may be subject to slight variations. However, we always strive to provide accurate estimated shipping dates at the time of order placement, allowing you to plan your projects effectively. By maintaining a lean and efficient production process, coupled with our advanced laser cutting technology, we're able to offer some of the fastest lead times in the industry. This rapid turnaround is one of the key reasons why many customers choose Fabworks for their laser cutting needs, especially when time-to-market is critical. ## Category Laser Cutting # What is the standard lead-time for bent laser cut parts? When you order parts that require both laser cutting and bending, the process involves multiple steps that are carefully coordinated to ensure precision and quality. First, your design is laser cut from the chosen sheet metal material with high accuracy. Once the flat parts are cut, they move to our bending department where skilled technicians use advanced CNC press brakes to form the parts according to your specifications. This additional step of bending naturally extends the production time, but we've optimized our workflow to minimize delays. It's important to note that while bending adds a day to the process, the actual lead time can vary depending on the complexity of your parts, the quantity ordered, and our current production volume. Simple bends on small quantities might be completed quickly, while more intricate designs or larger orders may require more time. We always strive to provide accurate estimated shipping dates when you place your order, taking into account all aspects of production including cutting, bending, and any additional services you've requested. Keep in mind that adding other services beyond bending, such as powder coating or hole operations like tapping or hardware insertion, will further increase the lead time. Each additional process contributes to the overall manufacturing timeline. However, our team works diligently to streamline production and meet tight deadlines whenever possible. We understand the importance of timely delivery for your projects and consistently aim to ship orders as quickly as we can without compromising on quality. For the most up-to-date and accurate lead time estimates, it's best to refer to the shipping date provided during the checkout process on our website. This date takes into account all the services you've selected for your parts and provides a realistic expectation for when your order will be ready to ship. If you have specific timeline requirements or questions about expediting your order, our customer support team is always available to discuss options and help you meet your project deadlines. ## Category Bending # What is the standard lead-time for the Tapping Service? The standard lead time for the [Fabworks Tapping Service](https://www.fabworks.com/services/tapping) typically adds one extra day to the overall project timeline. When you include tapping as part of your order, you can expect a slight increase in processing time to accommodate this additional manufacturing step. However, Fabworks strives to maintain efficiency in their operations, so the impact on your overall lead time is minimal. It's important to note that the shipping date provided during checkout is accurate and takes into account all extra services, including tapping. This means you don't need to manually calculate or estimate the additional time; Fabworks' system automatically factors in the tapping process when generating your estimated shipping date. The one-day addition for tapping is generally consistent across different types of materials and tap sizes. However, it's worth keeping in mind that more complex projects or larger orders might occasionally require slightly more time. If you have a particularly time-sensitive project, it's always a good idea to communicate with Fabworks' customer service team. They can provide more specific information about your order's timeline and may be able to offer expedited options if necessary. By adding just one day to the lead time, Fabworks ensures that your parts receive the precise threading you need without significantly delaying your project. This balance of quality and efficiency is part of what makes Fabworks a reliable choice for sheet metal fabrication services. ## Category Tapping # Can tapping be done on different metal types and thicknesses? Tapping can indeed be performed on a wide variety of metal types and thicknesses, making it a versatile process in sheet metal fabrication. The suitability of tapping for different metals depends on factors such as the material's hardness, ductility, and overall machinability. Softer metals like aluminum are generally easier to tap, while harder materials like stainless steel may require specialized taps and techniques. The thickness of the material also plays a crucial role in determining the feasibility and effectiveness of tapping. Thicker materials often provide more thread engagement, resulting in stronger connections. Conversely, very thin materials can be challenging to tap without risking damage or compromising the integrity of the threads. When it comes to specific metal types, each presents its own set of considerations. For instance, aluminum is relatively easy to tap due to its softness, but care must be taken to avoid stripping the threads. Steel, being harder, can produce strong and durable threads but may require more robust tapping tools. Stainless steel, known for its corrosion resistance, can be more challenging to tap due to its tendency to work harden, often necessitating specialized taps and cutting fluids. The thickness of the material is equally important in the tapping process. Generally, the rule of thumb is that the thickness should be at least 1.5 times the diameter of the tap for optimal thread engagement. However, at lower loads less engagement may be acceptable. Thicker materials provide more material for the threads to grip, resulting in stronger connections. At Fabworks, our advanced manufacturing capabilities and expertise allow us to tap a diverse range of metal types and thicknesses. Our configurator system is designed to ensure compatibility, automatically selecting the best tapping approach based on the specific material and thickness of your project. This system takes into account factors such as the material properties and desired thread size to achieve precise and reliable results. By leveraging our experience and state-of-the-art equipment, we can accommodate tapping requirements across various applications, from thin sheet metal components to thicker structural elements. Our team is always ready to provide guidance on the best tapping options for your specific material and project needs, ensuring that you achieve the optimal balance of strength, durability, and functionality in your tapped components. ## Category Tapping # How do you ensure the quality of the tapped threads? We use a tap arm to ensure all holes are threaded accurately and consistently, ensuring that each thread is accurately formed. This process is crucial for achieving optimal fit and strength in the threaded connections. ## Category Tapping # My part is not what I expected, what do I do? If your part from Fabworks is not what you expected, you have options to address the issue. Fabworks prioritizes customer satisfaction and offers a 100% guarantee for either a full refund or replacement of your parts. The first step is to reach out to our support team, explaining the aspects of the part that did not meet your expectations. It's helpful to provide photographs of the component and a brief explanation of the issues you've encountered. This information not only helps Fabworks understand your concerns but also allows them to identify and prevent similar issues in the future. When contacting Fabworks, be as specific as possible about the discrepancies between what you received and what you expected. Whether it's a matter of dimensions, material quality, finish, or any other aspect, clear communication will expedite the resolution process. The Fabworks team will review your case and work with you to determine the best course of action, which may include providing a replacement part, offering a refund, or finding another suitable solution. It's important to note that Fabworks values customer feedback as it helps us improve our services. By sharing your experience, you're not only addressing your immediate concern but also contributing to the overall quality improvement of our products and services. If a replacement is deemed necessary, Fabworks will typically arrange for the production and shipping of a new part that meets your specifications. In some cases, Fabworks may request additional information. This helps us understand what went wrong in the manufacturing process and prevent similar issues in the future. If a refund is the chosen solution, Fabworks will process it promptly, ensuring you're not left out of pocket for a product that didn't meet your needs. Remember, Fabworks' commitment to customer satisfaction means they're invested in finding a resolution that works for you. Don't hesitate to ask questions or seek clarification during the resolution process. Our team is there to ensure you receive the product you need for your project, even if it means starting over. By maintaining open and honest communication with Fabworks, we can work together to resolve any issues with your part, ensuring you ultimately receive a product that meets your expectations and project requirements. ## Category General # Customer Reviews Fabworks publishes 114 customer reviews at https://www.fabworks.com/#customer-reviews. ## Andrew R. Rating: 5/5 > I’ve used Fabworks for both personal and business projects over the last couple of years, and they are fantastic. Their website is user-friendly, and their customer service is incredibly responsive. They even provide expert help with design for manufacturing. I couldn't be happier with their service! ## Dan G. Rating: 5/5 > Ordered some heavy duty stainless steel brackets for an awning structure on a Friday. They were delivered by Wednesday morning the following week to MA from CA. Perfectly fabricated to the design. Packaged well. Great price. Fast delivery. Thank you! ## Carrie R. Rating: 5/5 > This was our first time using Fabworks for our FIRST CNC parts and we were very happy with the ease of uploading a quote and getting our parts shipped quickly. We would definitely use again next time. The price discount for ordering multiple plates made the pricing extremely affordable. ## Jeremiah R. Rating: 5/5 > I ordered a custom fabricated faceplate to go in the ash tray of my vintage truck. I am making a plug receptacle and some data and charging ports that will be mounted inside the ash tray. The Fabworks team reached out to me with a couple of questions, and then they NAILED it!!! It is so precise and so exactly to the dimensions I asked for. I am SUPER impressed and already coming up with other projects for them to do!!! ## Austin L. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks continues to deliver faster and more cost effective parts than SendCutSend or OSHcut. The quality easily matches or exceeds those. Fabworks will continue to be my go-to for custom parts in the future! ## Sean M. Rating: 5/5 > My first time hiring Fabworks. They provided me with super fast service and their pricing platform was spot on with my STEP files. Will certainly use them again! From order to delivery was under a week, amazing!! ## Owen S. Rating: 5/5 > Super painless ordering process with a quick turnaround! I designed my parts and uploaded them to Fabworks' site and within 2 hours of submitting my order I got a notification that my parts were going into productions. > > From start to finish, I had my order of 8 cut/bent/deburred parts within 12 days of my order being placed, so safe to say I will be ordering again. Oh, and they included a sticker and some candy in the package, so I definitely can't dock points for that! ## Andrew M. Rating: 5/5 > I’m ordering more from Fabworks! Parts showed up early and everything bolted together! Thanks! ## Michael P. Rating: 5/5 > These guys are fantastic, lightning quick service and always exactly what we need. Turn around time for simple cut and bend has been just a few days for us and pretty cost competitive compared to other service bureaus. > > We trust them to do the sheet metal structures on our Small Satellites that have been to Outer Space on SpaceX rockets, so you can definitely trust them for anything back here on Earth! ## Max G. Rating: 5/5 > When I ordered a couple of parts for a custom project I was greatly satisfied by the speed and quality of my order. I had originally planned to order from SendCutSend but then found this was near half of the price with a quick 2-3 day turn around. I was also satisfied that Fabworks ran a DFM check and commented that it might be better to use a different alloy on my order, this was super helpful! I highly recommend Fabworks. ## Jeremy G. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent service all around. Sleek website makes placing and configuring orders pretty seamless. Parts shipped quickly and arrived packaged nicely. They came through exactly as I designed them. > 10/10. Will definitely be checking out their bending services soon. ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Great experience. Perfect execution within tolerances to spec for a press fit. Cant go wrong with these guys! ## Geoff D. Rating: 5/5 > Ordered for our FTC team… Cut 1/8” aluminum parts came out better than expected, and faster than expected. In fact, I ordered 2 sets of parts from 2 vendors. I ordered the Fabworks parts 3 days after the other guys and they arrived a day before the other guys. At roughly half the cost! ## Philip B. Rating: 5/5 > I ordered some fairly complex parts (sides of a shadow lantern) with many cutouts and a lot of fine detail. I was very happy with the results! > > Johnathan and Nolan were extremely helpful in getting the parts cut despite their complexity. Great communication, and my order was completed in a timely manner. I’d absolutely order from them again! ## Josiah A. Rating: 5/5 > This is the place I have been searching for...instant quotes for sheet metal, fast turnaround, and great prices! I received my first order and everything looked great. Keep it up! ## Joe Z. Rating: 5/5 > great price, free shipping. They also analyzed my DXF file before just throwing it at their machine and running it. They suggested I close up some of my cutouts because it would be flimsy and I'm glad I did. Would absolutely use them again. ## Jared W. Rating: 5/5 > Amazingly easy process, amazing results, amazing price. Couldn’t be happier. ## Andrew M. Rating: 5/5 > Great prices, ordered Monday and it was at my house on Friday. Will definitely be using over and over again. > 2nd order had a couple pieces with some cracking in the corners. Fabworks replaced the parts quickly and were very easy to work with. Great customer service ## Zaid S. Rating: 5/5 > The best cutting service out there, from top fast quality work to outstanding customer service. I have tried multiple services over the past year, haven’t had one issue of the many issues I faced with other services, try them out yourself and see, Jonathan has been the most helpful and patient, has taken care of us since we started our very first order. > On top of all that, their state of the art quote system UI, would not recommend any other service. ## Marcus W. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks is the best place for any hobbyist to order sheet metal due to its low prices and excellent customer service. My order arrived manufactured incorrectly, however an agent from the customer support chat got back to me in under 10 minutes and sent me a replacement 3 days later with one-day air delivery. ## Dulaney Robotics Rating: 5/5 > Fantastic experience ordering parts through Fabworks! Amazing lead time and customer support has made a huge difference for our team. ## Matt L. Rating: 5/5 > These guys do great work. They have taken on hundreds of quick-turn sheet metal projects for my team, they're super responsive throughout the quoting process, and they're attentive to the small technical details of projects. Highly recommend working with them on your next batch of sheet metal parts! ## Hollywood Mechanic Rating: 5/5 > I uploaded the step files for the cuts and bends that I needed. Someone from their office noted an error in my files. They canceled my original order, corrected the error and sent me back the corrected files for approval. After reviewing, I re submitted the order with the correction they made. They cut, bent and coated all my parts and had them sent back to me in 14 days. I have ordered metal cuts from other local shops in the Ventura county area and never had such excellent service. I am using Fabworks for all my metal cuts now. ## Stanislas E. Rating: 5/5 > Super fast shipping to Canada, flawless laser cut part, very helpful support staff that actually answers your questions in a timely manner, I'm super happy and will definitely use them again for my parts! ## Jeff R. Rating: 5/5 > The Item I had made came in perfect. Shipping was fast and I thought the price was good. My item was 49 inches in length so shipping was a little more but still very reasonable. Other places were not willing to ship anything over 48 inches so I think these guys knocked it out of the park. ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > I needed the metal landing gear and cabane fabricated for a large scale RC aircraft, but where to go for that? I saw your instagram page and took a chance, uploaded my step files which I had generated in Fusion using the sheet metal design tool. I knew the rough material costs and your quote for enough to complete 4 kits seemed reasonable. > The parts are perfect. > Delivery included and FAST. The candy is a great touch along with the sticker. Fabworks is my go to and who I’ll recommend to others. I feel like I was treated like a big customer even though I’m just a hobbyists. ## Chad S. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks goes above and beyond the call of duty. When UPS lost our Fabworks order and would not engage with Fabworks or my team, Fabworks volunteered to recut the metal! The order was delivered within two days. > > I will be a returning customer! ## Nicky T. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent customer service, were extremely helpful and understanding when there were problems with my design, even bumped up my shipping a day early so my parts would arrive before the Fourth of July holiday. Parts arrived very clean, with plenty of packing material keeping them safe. Everything fit as it should. All for a very competitive price. > > Edit: found the candy lmao ## Augusto R. Rating: 5/5 > Ordering from Fabworks was fast and easy -- especially how they automatically adjusted holes for the correct hardware or threading size! The parts I received matched my expectations. They did have a glitch with emailing me order confirmations, but the online support was fast and super helpful. This was my first sheet metal fabrication and I will have no qualms ordering from Fabworks again in the future! ## Hank A. Rating: 5/5 > I wanted to make a custom, sub-5L PC case that could fit some solid gaming hardware. I made my designs, shot Fabworks an email with some questions, and after a bit of back and forth I had gotten some great feedback, advice and info on how to make sure my part turned out well. > > Ordered, and pretty quickly my parts were at my door. Great (eco friendly) packaging, and a sticker and some candy. Parts were perfect. > > Seems like they've got a truly great team. ## Jon D. Rating: 5/5 > I had a slight hiccup with my order of my own doing. The guys at Fabworks were super helpful getting it sorted out and my project back on track. Turnaround time was outstanding and they took great care in packaging the product for shipping so it wouldn't be damaged. All around wonderful company to work with, I highly recommend! ## AJ F. Rating: 5/5 > Beautiful parts shipped fast! ## Jaelen H. Rating: 5/5 > great quality, reasonable price, quick turnaround. ## Angus M. Rating: 5/5 > Johnathan is the GOAT. Best quickturn service out there ## Tahoma Robotics Rating: 5/5 > Our FIRST Robotics Team has used Fabworks for a couple of our off-season projects. We are greatly impressed with their prices, communication, quality and speed. We used their STEP file import on option our most recent order and love the ease of their website ordering process. We'll be using Fabworks for our future sheet metal orders. ## TC B. Rating: 5/5 > The process of ordering was simple and the order was fulfilled quickly and perfectly. Our robotics team was behind schedule and the speed of Fabworks got us back on track ## Eagle Engineering Rating: 5/5 > I had a great experience with Fabworks. They deliver excellent work quickly and at a reasonable price. Highly recommend. ## Kevin Z. Rating: 5/5 > Super fast turnaround! I needed some bicycle dropouts laser cut out of .25in mild steel. I sent the CAD file on Wednesday, it was cut Thursday morning, and arrived at my place Friday! Happy with the precision and finish quality! ## Daniel K. Rating: 5/5 > Ordered Parts for our FRC team, 131 CHAOS. They came in on time and to our CAD file. 10/10, would buy parts from them again. > Being from New Hampshire, their fast turnaround time and shipping was key for us. ## Peyton Y. Rating: 5/5 > Great quality, fast delivery, checks all the boxes. > This company is great. They offer so many services for such an affordable price. Turn around time is very quick and we'll be ordering again soon. ## Cody W. Rating: 5/5 > Ordering was easy, part quality was excellent and price was great. A great first experience! ## Andrew R. Rating: 5/5 > Quick and accurate cut, packed and marked really well so it was easy to deal with, will use this shop again! ## Daniel C. Rating: 5/5 > Great folks to work with. I've placed orders from a couple pieces up to hundreds of pieces and they're timely, priced right and great quality every time. ## Sam V. Rating: 5/5 > Order arrived earlier in the anticipated. Parts were high quality, well within tolerance, and the web interface was beyond simple to use ## George W. Rating: 5/5 > Unbelievably fast turnaround!! Great price and they even added a few packs of candy in the box! Great touch you guys!!! I've be telling everybody about Fabworks! FRC teams should use Fabworks! ## Tripp R. Rating: 5/5 > Jonathan and the whole Fabworks team were great on our recent order. They got our parts out quickly and always had great communication. ## Brody P. Rating: 5/5 > Fast, lots of customization options, site is easy to use, best prices I can find, and parts are high quality. ## David P. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent results and fast response. ## Andrew L. Rating: 5/5 > Super easy site, very friendly staff, our parts arrived quickly and were dimensionally correct in every way. We love Fabworks! ## Millennium Falcons Rating: 5/5 > Great quality of cuts and it got shipped quickly too. Amazing experience ordering lasercut parts with them! ## Yoav Rating: 5/5 > arrived a day early! great quality. ## Hugh T. Rating: 5/5 > Everything is perfect from the sheet metal to the price, other than the fact that they won't be able to do purchase orders. ## David P. Rating: 5/5 > Great organization that puts the customer first. Every order is on-time and exceeds expectations! Highly recommended. ## Cliff M. Rating: 5/5 > Great customer service when I had issues with the DXF file. Fast service, good pricing, and great packaging/shipping. Will be a repeat customer. ## Armor Robotics Rating: 5/5 > We're FRC team 9143 (Armor Robotics) using Fabworks for the first time - thank you for the incredibly fast turnaround time and precision of the piece for our current robot prototype! ## Emily L. Rating: 5/5 > Everything worked exactly as expected! Fairly priced, easy to use website, quick shipping, we received exactly what we ordered. Perfect! ## Devin T. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks is our new go-to for quick turnaround laser cut parts. The pricing is great and the speed is exceptional. ## Dirk W. Rating: 5/5 > Ordered steel belly pan for 5419. Arrived quickly and to spec. > > Nice work ## James C. Rating: 5/5 > Seriously underrated - check these guys out for well-priced well-finished laser cut parts on demand. The site is great for quoting and tracking different jobs and the customer service has been good in my experience ## Zach C. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks is fast, competitively priced, and never misses the mark! Will order from them any time I need small batch sheetmetal! ## Roman S. Rating: 5/5 > Very fast and high quality fabrication and overall good company ## Izumi O. Rating: 5/5 > They make accurate parts and provide great customer support! ## Nick B. Rating: 5/5 > Fast, pleasant to work with and American made! Even came with a sticker and candy for the kids ## Dennis L. Rating: 5/5 > Great service, high-quality parts, speedy turnaround. ## Smita A. Rating: 5/5 > They are professional, excellent product quality and team is very quick to respond in case there are any queries. Will definitely have business in future. :) ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Love how fast they are and quality of the work they provide. ## Kevin C. Rating: 5/5 > High quality work and quick lead times. Great results! ## Donald K. Rating: 5/5 > Fast responses, quick production. ## Michael W. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent communication, fast shipping, and perfect parts. Thank you! ## Charlie E. Rating: 5/5 > Awesome parts, perfect for our offseason robotics season. Shiny and smooth. Much appreciated! ## Michael Rating: 5/5 > Great job cutting and bending some aluminum sheets! Timely delivery and high quality. ## Colin S. Rating: 5/5 > Great pricing, speed, and quality for sheet metal parts ## Curtis P. Rating: 5/5 > Good work, good price, good speed. ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Easy upload, fast shipping, cheap, and great quality parts. ## Mike E. Rating: 5/5 > Working with these guys has been fantastic. I'm so glad I found them. ## Brad K. Rating: 5/5 > Fast turnaround and product is exactly as ordered. ## John T. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent work. Fast service and shipment ## Ray S. Rating: 5/5 > Couldn't be happier with quality, service, or delivery. Absolute top notch! ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Great job. Very fast. great work. ## Kevin P. Rating: 5/5 > amazingly quick great pricing ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Great turnaround and quality. Consistently impressed. ## Tycho Y. Rating: 5/5 > Quick service, great results. ## Kirby D. Rating: 5/5 > Fast delivery and reasonable pricing ## Ivaylo L. Rating: 5/5 > great parts and great customer service. ## Charles C. Rating: 5/5 > Great company to work with for FIRST robotics. ## Brad F. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent workmanship. > Thank you. ## Anonymous Rating: 5/5 > Good quality ## Nic C. Rating: 5/5 > Fabworks goated ## Kip H. Rating: 5/5 > Quick turnaround and great price! ## Clarence M. Rating: 5/5 > Great customer service, outstanding product, professionally done, couldn’t be happier ## Noah M. Rating: 5/5 > Great work and pricing was very reasonable. Cut some precision tubing for me. ## David G. Rating: 5/5 > These guys are awesome. I looked at several companies to laser cut my 2 parts, and these guys were surprisingly inexpensive compared to the other options out there. Thanks for not price gouging and completing my parts faster than I was expecting. I will definitely do business with these guys again as I am always needing different, small quantity parts cut. ## Hermes M. Rating: 5/5 > Warning: these people are irritatingly good at what they do. Quality: 101%. ## Liz K. Rating: 5/5 > Excellent work and fast shipping 5⭐️ ## Aarush P. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Julian F. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Phillip P. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Michael M. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Nima M. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Dapper Ducks SEAPERCH Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Matthew J. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Matthew V. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Derek W. Rating: 1/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Parker B. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Thomas S. Rating: 5/5 _Rating only; no written review._ ## Surjan S. 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