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Hardware",{"type":213,"value":214,"toc":1089},"minimark",[215,219,227,243,248,251,294,297,310,320,324,415,419,422,425,434,439,450,456,462,466,469,472,477,486,490,493,496,522,525,530,622,627,631,634,637,644,649,709,714,718,721,726,737,740,744,798,803,807,810,813,833,840,845,859,866,870,873,885,889,892,932,935,939,942,945,971,974,978,981,1011,1015,1020,1026,1030,1033,1037,1040,1044,1047,1051,1054,1058,1061,1079],[216,217,218],"p",{},"Sheet metal is usually too thin to hold a useful thread. A 6-32 screw in 0.060\" aluminum gets\nbarely two threads of engagement, and they strip long before the screw is tight. Sheet metal\nfasteners fix that. Self-clinching hardware, often called clinch nuts or PEM hardware, is pressed\ninto the sheet, and rivet nuts are set from one side, so the threads come from the fastener instead\nof the material.",[216,220,221,222,226],{},"Fabworks installs six kinds of sheet metal fasteners: ",[223,224,225],"strong",{},"PEM nuts, PEM flush nuts, PEM studs, PEM\nstandoffs, PEM blind standoffs, and rivnuts",". This guide walks through how to pick between them for\na given part. It comes down to four questions:",[228,229,230,234,237,240],"ol",{},[231,232,233],"li",{},"What does the mating part need: a threaded hole, a threaded post, or a gap?",[231,235,236],{},"Can the press reach both sides of the hole?",[231,238,239],{},"Does either face of the sheet need to stay flat?",[231,241,242],{},"What material and thickness is the part?",[244,245,247],"h2",{"id":246},"start-with-whats-attaching-to-the-part","Start with what's attaching to the part",[216,249,250],{},"The first question decides most of the answer. Think about the part or component that bolts on, and\nwhat the assembly looks like from its side.",[252,253,254,272,281],"ul",{},[231,255,256,259,260,263,264,267,268,271],{},[223,257,258],{},"A screw goes through the other part into yours."," You need an internal thread on your part. Use\na ",[223,261,262],{},"PEM nut",", a ",[223,265,266],{},"flush nut",", or a ",[223,269,270],{},"rivnut",".",[231,273,274,277,278,271],{},[223,275,276],{},"The other part slides over a threaded post and a nut holds it."," You need an external thread.\nUse a ",[223,279,280],{},"PEM stud",[231,282,283,286,287,290,291,271],{},[223,284,285],{},"The other part needs to sit at a fixed height above yours",", like a circuit board, a cover, or a\nsecond panel. Use a ",[223,288,289],{},"standoff"," or ",[223,292,293],{},"blind standoff",[216,295,296],{},"The other three questions then narrow it to one option.",[216,298,299],{},[300,301],"img",{"alt":302,"className":303,"height":307,"src":308,"width":309},"Side-view cross-sections of a PEM nut, flush nut, PEM stud, standoff, blind standoff, and rivnut installed in a metal sheet",[304,305,306],"hidden","w-full","sm:block",600,"\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fhardware-types-cross-section.svg",960,[216,311,312],{},[300,313],{"alt":302,"className":314,"height":317,"src":318,"width":319},[315,305,316],"mx-auto","sm:hidden",1000,"\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fhardware-types-cross-section-mobile.svg",640,[244,321,323],{"id":322},"sheet-metal-fastener-decision-table","Sheet metal fastener decision table",[325,326,327,343],"table",{},[328,329,330],"thead",{},[331,332,333,337,340],"tr",{},[334,335,336],"th",{},"Use",[334,338,339],{},"When you need",[334,341,342],{},"Works on",[344,345,346,356,366,377,386,396,406],"tbody",{},[331,347,348,351,354],{},[349,350,262],"td",{},[349,352,353],{},"A threaded hole, both sides reachable",[349,355,86],{},[331,357,358,361,364],{},[349,359,360],{},"PEM flush nut",[349,362,363],{},"A threaded hole, nothing proud of either face",[349,365,86],{},[331,367,368,371,374],{},[349,369,370],{},"Rivnut",[349,372,373],{},"A threaded hole, back side unreachable",[349,375,376],{},"Sheet and tube",[331,378,379,381,384],{},[349,380,280],{},[349,382,383],{},"A threaded post sticking out of the sheet",[349,385,86],{},[331,387,388,391,394],{},[349,389,390],{},"PEM standoff",[349,392,393],{},"A spacer with a through thread",[349,395,86],{},[331,397,398,401,404],{},[349,399,400],{},"PEM blind standoff",[349,402,403],{},"A spacer with a closed end",[349,405,86],{},[331,407,408,410,413],{},[349,409,33],{},[349,411,412],{},"A thread in thicker material, no extra part",[349,414,376],{},[244,416,418],{"id":417},"pem-nuts","PEM nuts",[216,420,421],{},"A PEM nut, also called a self-clinching nut or clinch nut, is the default threaded insert for sheet\nmetal. It goes into a laser-cut hole, and a press squeezes it until its knurled collar displaces\nsheet into an undercut on the nut. The sheet locks it in place, and it won't spin when you torque a\nscrew into it.",[216,423,424],{},"The nut's body sits proud of one face of the sheet, and its shank ends flush with the other face.\nLeave clearance for the body on that side.",[216,426,427],{},[300,428],{"alt":429,"className":430,"height":307,"src":432,"width":433},"Zinc-plated PEM nuts installed in a bent aluminum sheet metal part",[315,305,431],"max-w-sm","\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fpem-nuts-installed.webp",800,[216,435,436],{},[223,437,438],{},"Use a PEM nut when:",[252,440,441,444,447],{},[231,442,443],{},"you need a threaded hole in flat or bent sheet and both faces of the hole are reachable",[231,445,446],{},"the screw will be removed and re-installed during service, so you want threads that don't wear\nout the sheet",[231,448,449],{},"the sheet is too thin to tap",[216,451,452,455],{},[223,453,454],{},"Sizes:"," #2-56, #4-40, #6-32, #8-32, #10-24, #10-32, 1\u002F4-20, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6.",[216,457,458,461],{},[223,459,460],{},"Materials:"," Aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel parts get zinc-plated steel nuts. Stainless\nparts get hardened stainless nuts, available in every size except M2.",[244,463,465],{"id":464},"pem-flush-nuts","PEM flush nuts",[216,467,468],{},"A flush nut does the same job as a PEM nut, but it finishes level with the sheet instead of leaving\na body proud of one face. It only sits flush on both faces when the sheet is at least as thick as\nthe nut, which is 0.060\" for most sizes. In thinner sheet it stands proud of the back. Use it\nwhen something has to lie flat against the back of the panel: a sliding cover, a label, a gasket,\nor a second sheet stacked directly behind.",[216,470,471],{},"The trade-off is thread length. A flush nut is shorter than a standard nut of the same thread:\n0.060\" against 0.090\" for #10-32, and 0.120\" against 0.170\" for 1\u002F4-20. Fewer threads means less\nstrength, so if neither face needs to stay flat, use a standard nut.",[216,473,474,476],{},[223,475,454],{}," #4-40, #6-32, #8-32, #10-32, 1\u002F4-20, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6. The 1\u002F4-20 and M6 flush nuts\nneed sheet at least 0.119\" thick.",[216,478,479,481,482,485],{},[223,480,460],{}," Aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel only. ",[223,483,484],{},"Flush nuts are not available on\nstainless steel parts."," On stainless, use a standard PEM nut, or a rivnut if the back side is out\nof reach.",[244,487,489],{"id":488},"pem-studs","PEM studs",[216,491,492],{},"A PEM stud is a threaded bolt pressed permanently into the sheet with its head flush on the back\nface. The threaded post sticks out of the front.",[216,494,495],{},"Studs are the right pick when the other part has clearance holes and you want to hang it on posts\nand run nuts down from one side. That makes them good for:",[252,497,498,504,510,516],{},[231,499,500,503],{},[223,501,502],{},"One-person assembly."," The studs hold the mating panel in place while you start the nuts, so\nyou don't need a hand behind the sheet.",[231,505,506,509],{},[223,507,508],{},"Locating parts."," The studs line the mating part up for you.",[231,511,512,515],{},[223,513,514],{},"Grounding lugs and brackets"," that slide onto a post.",[231,517,518,521],{},[223,519,520],{},"Sealed or cosmetic faces."," The head on the back is flush, so the back face stays clean.",[216,523,524],{},"Pick a length that leaves at least a few threads past the nut once everything is stacked on. Add up\nthe thickness of the mating part, any washers, and the nut height.",[216,526,527],{},[223,528,529],{},"Sizes and lengths:",[325,531,532,542],{},[328,533,534],{},[331,535,536,539],{},[334,537,538],{},"Thread",[334,540,541],{},"Lengths available",[344,543,544,552,559,566,574,582,590,598,606,614],{},[331,545,546,549],{},[349,547,548],{},"#4-40",[349,550,551],{},"0.250\" to 0.625\"",[331,553,554,557],{},[349,555,556],{},"#6-32",[349,558,551],{},[331,560,561,564],{},[349,562,563],{},"#8-32",[349,565,551],{},[331,567,568,571],{},[349,569,570],{},"#10-32",[349,572,573],{},"0.375\" to 0.750\"",[331,575,576,579],{},[349,577,578],{},"1\u002F4-20",[349,580,581],{},"0.375\" to 1.000\"",[331,583,584,587],{},[349,585,586],{},"M3",[349,588,589],{},"6 mm to 18 mm",[331,591,592,595],{},[349,593,594],{},"M4",[349,596,597],{},"6 mm to 35 mm",[331,599,600,603],{},[349,601,602],{},"M5",[349,604,605],{},"8 mm to 20 mm",[331,607,608,611],{},[349,609,610],{},"M6",[349,612,613],{},"12 mm to 25 mm",[331,615,616,619],{},[349,617,618],{},"M8",[349,620,621],{},"12 mm to 35 mm",[216,623,624,626],{},[223,625,460],{}," Aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel parts get zinc-plated steel studs, and\nstainless parts get stainless studs. M8 studs are only available on aluminum, steel, and galvanized\nsteel, in sheet at least 0.095\" thick.",[244,628,630],{"id":629},"pem-standoffs","PEM standoffs",[216,632,633],{},"A standoff, or self-clinching standoff, is a threaded spacer pressed into the sheet. It holds a\nsecond part at a set height, with a screw coming down through that part into the standoff.",[216,635,636],{},"The classic use is mounting a circuit board inside an enclosure. Standoffs are also used for spacing\ncovers and display panels off a chassis, leaving room for wiring or airflow behind a panel, and\nstacking parallel plates.",[216,638,639,640,643],{},"A ",[223,641,642],{},"through-threaded standoff"," (SO) is open at both ends, so the screw can pass all the way through\nand out the back of your sheet. That makes it more forgiving of screw length. Use a blind standoff\nwhen that's a problem.",[216,645,646],{},[223,647,648],{},"Sizes and heights:",[325,650,651,660],{},[328,652,653],{},[331,654,655,657],{},[334,656,538],{},[334,658,659],{},"Heights available",[344,661,662,669,676,682,688,695,702],{},[331,663,664,666],{},[349,665,548],{},[349,667,668],{},"0.312\" to 0.500\"",[331,670,671,673],{},[349,672,556],{},[349,674,675],{},"0.312\" to 0.625\"",[331,677,678,680],{},[349,679,563],{},[349,681,668],{},[331,683,684,686],{},[349,685,570],{},[349,687,668],{},[331,689,690,692],{},[349,691,586],{},[349,693,694],{},"4 mm to 12 mm",[331,696,697,699],{},[349,698,594],{},[349,700,701],{},"6 mm to 25 mm",[331,703,704,706],{},[349,705,602],{},[349,707,708],{},"6 mm to 12 mm",[216,710,711,713],{},[223,712,460],{}," Zinc-plated steel standoffs for aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel parts, and\nstainless standoffs for stainless parts.",[244,715,717],{"id":716},"pem-blind-standoffs","PEM blind standoffs",[216,719,720],{},"A blind standoff (BSO) is the same spacer with a closed end. The thread stops inside the body, so\nthe screw can never come out the back of your sheet.",[216,722,723],{},[223,724,725],{},"Use a blind standoff when:",[252,727,728,731,734],{},[231,729,730],{},"the back face is a cosmetic or customer-facing surface and can't have a hole in it",[231,732,733],{},"the back of the panel needs to stay sealed against dust or water",[231,735,736],{},"a long screw would hit a wire, a component, or another part behind the sheet",[216,738,739],{},"Because the thread is closed, the screw length matters. Pick a screw short enough that its head\nseats before its tip reaches the end of the thread.",[216,741,742],{},[223,743,648],{},[325,745,746,754],{},[328,747,748],{},[331,749,750,752],{},[334,751,538],{},[334,753,659],{},[344,755,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{},[331,757,758,760],{},[349,759,548],{},[349,761,668],{},[331,763,764,766],{},[349,765,556],{},[349,767,675],{},[331,769,770,772],{},[349,771,563],{},[349,773,668],{},[331,775,776,778],{},[349,777,570],{},[349,779,668],{},[331,781,782,784],{},[349,783,586],{},[349,785,701],{},[331,787,788,790],{},[349,789,594],{},[349,791,701],{},[331,793,794,796],{},[349,795,602],{},[349,797,708],{},[216,799,800,802],{},[223,801,460],{}," Zinc-plated steel for aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel parts, and stainless for\nstainless parts.",[244,804,806],{"id":805},"rivnuts","Rivnuts",[216,808,809],{},"Every PEM part above needs a press on both sides of the hole. A rivnut, also called a rivet nut or\nblind rivet nut, does not. It goes in from the front, and a tool pulls its threads toward the\ninstaller until the back of the body bulges into a flange behind the sheet. Everything happens from\none side.",[216,811,812],{},"That makes the rivnut the answer for:",[252,814,815,821,827],{},[231,816,817,820],{},[223,818,819],{},"Tube parts."," There is no way to get a press inside a closed tube. Rivnuts and taps are the only\noptions on tube, and rivnuts go in from the outside face.",[231,822,823,826],{},[223,824,825],{},"Closed or boxed parts"," where the back of the hole can't be reached.",[231,828,829,832],{},[223,830,831],{},"Thicker sheet with pull-out loads."," A rivnut clamps the sheet between its head and the bulged\nback, so it tends to hold harder on pull-out as the sheet gets thicker.",[216,834,835,836,839],{},"Rivnuts have two drawbacks. The head sits proud of the front face, and each rivnut only sets\ncorrectly in a band of sheet thickness called its ",[223,837,838],{},"grip range",". Fabworks picks the right grip\nrange for your material thickness automatically.",[216,841,842,844],{},[223,843,454],{}," #6-32, #8-32, #10-24, #10-32, 1\u002F4-20, 5\u002F16-18, 3\u002F8-16, M4, M5, M6, M8, and M10. The\nsmallest sizes work in sheet from 0.020\" thick, and the largest reach 0.312\".",[216,846,847,849,850,854,855,858],{},[223,848,460],{}," Rivnuts are available on aluminum, steel, galvanized steel, and stainless parts, on\nboth sheet and tube (",[851,852,853],"a",{"href":153},"steel"," and\n",[851,856,857],{"href":150},"aluminum",").",[216,860,861,862,271],{},"For a deeper comparison, see ",[851,863,865],{"href":864},"\u002Fblog\u002Frivnut-vs-pem","Rivnut vs PEM Nut",[244,867,869],{"id":868},"when-to-tap-instead","When to tap instead",[216,871,872],{},"Hardware is not always the answer. In thicker sheet, a tapped hole gives a perfectly good thread\nwithout any extra part. Tapping needs no extra part and leaves nothing sticking out of either\nface.",[216,874,875,876,880,881,884],{},"A rule of thumb is to aim for about three full threads of engagement. In thin sheet you won't get\nthat from a tap, so use hardware. ",[851,877,879],{"href":878},"\u002Fblog\u002Ftapping-vs-pem","Tapping vs PEM"," goes through the trade-off\nin detail, and the ",[851,882,883],{"href":112},"tapping guidelines"," list the thicknesses each tap\nsupports.",[244,886,888],{"id":887},"material-and-thickness-checks","Material and thickness checks",[216,890,891],{},"Once you've picked a type, check it against your part's material:",[252,893,894,903,914,920,926],{},[231,895,896,902],{},[223,897,898,901],{},[851,899,900],{"href":143},"Stainless steel",":"," no flush nuts, no M2 nuts,\nand no M8 studs. Every other type and size is available, in stainless hardware.",[231,904,905,913],{},[223,906,907,909,910,901],{},[851,908,134],{"href":135},", ",[851,911,912],{"href":139},"steel, and galvanized steel","\nevery type and size is available.",[231,915,916,919],{},[223,917,918],{},"Tube:"," rivnuts and taps only.",[231,921,922,925],{},[223,923,924],{},"Thick and thin sheet:"," a few sizes have a minimum thickness, like the 1\u002F4-20 and M6 flush nuts\nand the M8 studs. Rivnuts must match their grip range. The quote checks each hole against the\nlisted thickness range for its hardware.",[231,927,928,931],{},[223,929,930],{},"Heavy parts:"," hardware, tapping, and countersinking are not available on parts over 80 lbs.",[216,933,934],{},"Hardware adds about one business day to lead time. The ship date shown at checkout already includes\nit.",[244,936,938],{"id":937},"choosing-a-thread-size","Choosing a thread size",[216,940,941],{},"If the mating part already sets the screw size, such as a circuit board with M3 mounting holes or a\nbracket with 1\u002F4\" clearance holes, match it.",[216,943,944],{},"If you're choosing from scratch:",[252,946,947,953,959,965],{},[231,948,949,952],{},[223,950,951],{},"#4-40 \u002F M3:"," electronics, circuit boards, small covers, light panels",[231,954,955,958],{},[223,956,957],{},"#6-32 \u002F #8-32 \u002F M4:"," general enclosure hardware, access panels, small brackets",[231,960,961,964],{},[223,962,963],{},"#10-32 \u002F #10-24 \u002F M5:"," heavier brackets, rack equipment, mounting parts that take real load",[231,966,967,970],{},[223,968,969],{},"1\u002F4-20 \u002F M6 and up:"," structural brackets, frames, machine parts, tube assemblies",[216,972,973],{},"Keep a part to one or two thread sizes where you can. Fewer sizes means fewer screws, drivers, and\nchances to grab the wrong one during assembly.",[244,975,977],{"id":976},"placing-hardware","Placing hardware",[216,979,980],{},"A few placement habits prevent most problems:",[252,982,983,989,999,1005],{},[231,984,985,988],{},[223,986,987],{},"Draw a plain round hole"," where the hardware goes and pick the hardware on the part in the\nquote. Fabworks resizes the hole for whatever you choose. Don't model threads into the hole.",[231,990,991,994,995,998],{},[223,992,993],{},"Leave room around the hole."," PEM hardware needs material around its collar to clinch into, and\nrivnuts need a flat face for the head to seat on. Keep hardware clear of edges, cutouts, and bend\nlines. Each hardware row in the ",[851,996,997],{"href":98},"hardware guidelines"," lists its\nhole size and outer diameter for spacing.",[231,1000,1001,1004],{},[223,1002,1003],{},"Hardware goes in after bending."," Leave enough space around each piece of PEM hardware for the\npress to reach both sides of the hole on the finished part. A hole deep inside a narrow channel\nmay be hard to reach.",[231,1006,1007,1010],{},[223,1008,1009],{},"Mind which side it goes on."," Studs and standoffs stick out of one face, and standard nuts sit\nproud of one face. Make sure the quote preview shows each one on the side your model expects.",[244,1012,1014],{"id":1013},"faq","FAQ",[1016,1017,1019],"h3",{"id":1018},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-pem-nut-and-a-rivet-nut","What is the difference between a PEM nut and a rivet nut?",[216,1021,1022,1023,1025],{},"A PEM nut is pressed into the sheet, so the press needs to reach both sides of the hole. A rivet nut\n(rivnut) is set from the front with a tool that collapses its body behind the sheet, so it only\nneeds one side. Use a PEM nut on flat or bent sheet you can reach from both sides, and a rivnut on\ntube or closed parts. ",[851,1024,865],{"href":864}," covers the trade-offs.",[1016,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"is-a-clinch-nut-the-same-as-a-pem-nut","Is a clinch nut the same as a PEM nut?",[216,1031,1032],{},"Yes. PEM is a brand of self-clinching fasteners, and \"clinch nut\" and \"self-clinching nut\" are the\ngeneric names. All three describe a nut that locks into the sheet when a press pushes it into a\nsized hole.",[1016,1034,1036],{"id":1035},"what-is-the-minimum-sheet-thickness-for-sheet-metal-fasteners","What is the minimum sheet thickness for sheet metal fasteners?",[216,1038,1039],{},"It depends on the fastener. Flush nuts need sheet at least as thick as the nut to finish flush,\nabout 0.060\" for most sizes and 0.119\" for 1\u002F4-20 and M6. M8 studs need 0.095\" or more. Rivnuts\nstart at 0.020\" in the small sizes. The quote checks each hole against the listed thickness range\nfor its hardware.",[1016,1041,1043],{"id":1042},"can-you-install-pem-hardware-in-stainless-steel","Can you install PEM hardware in stainless steel?",[216,1045,1046],{},"Yes. Stainless parts get stainless PEM nuts, studs, standoffs, and blind standoffs, and stainless\nrivnuts. Flush nuts, M2 nuts, and M8 studs are the exceptions.",[1016,1048,1050],{"id":1049},"can-you-put-hardware-in-tube-parts","Can you put hardware in tube parts?",[216,1052,1053],{},"Only rivnuts and taps. There is no way to press PEM hardware from inside a closed tube, so rivnuts\nare installed from the outside face.",[244,1055,1057],{"id":1056},"adding-hardware-to-your-quote","Adding hardware to your quote",[216,1059,1060],{},"You have two ways to add hardware:",[252,1062,1063,1073],{},[231,1064,1065,1068,1069,271],{},[223,1066,1067],{},"Automatically from your CAD model."," Model PEM hardware in your assembly, name each body with\nits part number, and export a multi-body STEP. Fabworks matches each body to the right hole. See\n",[851,1070,1072],{"href":1071},"\u002Fblog\u002Fauto-add-pem-hardware","How to Auto-Add PEM Hardware",[231,1074,1075,1078],{},[223,1076,1077],{},"Manually in the quote."," Click a hole, filter by hardware type, and pick the size. This is also\nhow rivnuts are added.",[216,1080,1081,1082,1084,1085,1088],{},"Every size, hole diameter, and part number Fabworks stocks is listed on the\n",[851,1083,997],{"href":98}," page, and the\n",[851,1086,1087],{"href":40},"hardware insertion service"," page covers pricing and lead times. If you're\nunsure which option fits your part, upload it and ask our support team. They're happy to help.",{"title":1090,"searchDepth":1091,"depth":1091,"links":1092},"",2,[1093,1094,1095,1096,1097,1098,1099,1100,1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1113],{"id":246,"depth":1091,"text":247},{"id":322,"depth":1091,"text":323},{"id":417,"depth":1091,"text":418},{"id":464,"depth":1091,"text":465},{"id":488,"depth":1091,"text":489},{"id":629,"depth":1091,"text":630},{"id":716,"depth":1091,"text":717},{"id":805,"depth":1091,"text":806},{"id":868,"depth":1091,"text":869},{"id":887,"depth":1091,"text":888},{"id":937,"depth":1091,"text":938},{"id":976,"depth":1091,"text":977},{"id":1013,"depth":1091,"text":1014,"children":1106},[1107,1109,1110,1111,1112],{"id":1018,"depth":1108,"text":1019},3,{"id":1028,"depth":1108,"text":1029},{"id":1035,"depth":1108,"text":1036},{"id":1042,"depth":1108,"text":1043},{"id":1049,"depth":1108,"text":1050},{"id":1056,"depth":1091,"text":1057},[1115,39],"Design","2026-10-19","How to choose sheet metal fasteners for a sheet or tube part. Covers PEM nuts, flush nuts, studs, standoffs, blind standoffs, and rivnuts, plus how material, thickness, and access narrow the choice.","md","\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fthumbnail.webp","\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fthumbnail-480.webp 480w, \u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fthumbnail-960.webp 960w, \u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fthumbnail-1440.webp 1440w, \u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware\u002Fthumbnail.webp 1920w",{},true,"\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware",{"title":211,"description":1117},"How to choose sheet metal fasteners. PEM nuts, flush nuts, studs, standoffs, and rivnuts, with sizes, materials, and thickness limits for each.","Sheet Metal Fasteners: PEM Nuts, Studs & Rivnuts",{"loc":1123,"images":1128},[1129,1130,1131],{"loc":308},{"loc":318},{"loc":432},"blog\u002Fhow-to-choose-sheet-metal-hardware","MGe-HOdtrK9QG8DgjvgSNiUY0qYGXCZTKQR0vl_Yz5s",[61,1135],{"title":1136,"path":1137,"stem":1138,"description":1139,"children":-1},"How to Prevent Rust on Metal Parts","\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-prevent-rust-on-metal","blog\u002Fhow-to-prevent-rust-on-metal","What causes rust, which metals resist it, and how to protect laser cut and bent parts with the right material, powder coating, design, and storage.",1793064196016]